Abstract. Polysulfone (Psf) composite membrane consist of activated carbon, polyethyleneimine and silver nitrate was prepared by phase inversion. The activated carbon (AC) act as adsorbent to adsorb heavy metal present in synthetic waste water while polysulfone membrane act as support. Phase inversion was carried out on different composition of activated carbon from 0 to 0.9% while other component are remain constant. The surface morphology of composite membrane was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) while heavy metal absorption was quantified by atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS). The SEM image show symmetric membrane matrix with sponge structure. The composite membrane with 0.9wt% AC has the highest water flux as well as removal of heavy metal (chromium, lead, silver and cadmium) compare to composite membrane with 0.3wt% AC and 0.5wt% AC. The percentage of heavy metal reduction by composite membrane 0.9wt% AC was 35% cadmium, 19% chromium, 16% silver and 2% lead. The result indicated that the introduction of 0.9wt% AC indeed plays an important role towards enhancing the adsorption of heavy metal in water.
Enhancing membrane permeation is usually an important parameter in the membrane development for filtration. In this study, polysulfone membrane equipped with different concentration of silver nitrate (0.5-2.0 wt%) were fabricated by phase inversion and later be known as composite membrane (CM) followed by letter (A till F) to indicate membrane composition. This study will investigate the effect of silver nitrate concentration to membrane permeation. Membrane morphology was investigated via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Based on SEM examination, all composite membrane exhibits sponge-like structure otherwise FTIR for composite membrane with silver nitrate (CM B till CM E) shows additional peak at 1149.57 and 1294.24 indicating silver nitrate presence. In permeability test, composite membrane (CM C) with 1.0wt% silver nitrate achieved 22.25 L/m 2 .h of flux, the highest among all the composite membrane configuration. Thus, the result implied the addition of silver nitrate can increase permeation performance though excessive content may reduce the performance up to 50% of flux reduction. This work provides a better understanding of silver nitrate implication toward membrane permeability therefore provide an insight to any application of silver nitrate in membrane composition.
This work studied on the kinetics of Vitamin C extraction from banana peel at different solvent/solid concentration and temperature. Musa Acuminata was ground into smaller sizes before contacted with methanol as a solvent in an ultrasonic bath. To study the effect of solvent/solid ratio, 4.5, 5.0 and 10.0 ml/g ratio were used for the extraction at fixed temperature. Then, the temperature was varied with the heating element available in the ultrasonic bath at 30, 45 and 60 oC, to study the effect of temperature on the extraction kinetics. It was found that high solvent/solid ratio (10 ml/g) provides more solute-solvent contact and prevents the extracted Vitamin C from coming into contact with the air. Besides, higher temperature (60 oC) contributes sufficient kinetic energy for Vitamin C distribution in the solvent which is important to prevent degradation with air. The best fitted kinetic model for Vitamin C extraction from Musa Acuminata is Ana et al. (2007) with equilibrium concentration of 0.05 g/L and 0.40 g/L.hr extraction rate
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