In this review, we will discuss the possible mechanisms which may relate the association between MetS and cognitive decline which include vascular damages, elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), insulin resistance and low-grade inflammation.
Background: Scientific studies support the evidence of the involvement of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases through oxidative stress. Consumption of antioxidant compounds was found to be beneficial for brain-health as it reduced the brain oxidative stress level and improved cognitive performance in animals. Stingless bee honey or locally known as Kelulut Honey (KH) has high phenolic content and is widely used as a food supplement. Objectives: In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of KH on the brain of MetS-induced rats. Methods: Forty male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups; 8 weeks (C8) and 16 weeks control groups (C16), groups that received High-Carbohydrate High Fructose (HCHF) diet for 8 weeks (MS8) and 16 weeks (MS16), and a group that received HCHF for 16 weeks with KH supplemented for the last 35 days (KH). Results: Serum fasting blood glucose decreased in the KH group compared to the MS16 group. HDL levels were significantly decreased in MetS groups compared to control groups. Open field experiments showed that KH group exhibits less anxious behavior compared to the MetS group. Probe trial of Morris water maze demonstrated significant memory retention of KH group compared to the MS16 group. Nissl staining showed a significant decrease in the pyramidal hippocampal cells in the MS16 compared to the KH group. Conclusion: KH has the ability to normalise blood glucose and reduce serum triglyceride and LDL levels in MetS rats, while behavior studies complement its effect on anxiety and memory. This shows a promising role of KH in attenuating neurodegenerative diseases through the antioxidant activity of its polyphenolic content.
Kemerosotan kesihatan otak merupakan suatu wabak di seluruh dunia. Penyakit Alzheimer dan demensia lain adalah antara penyakit yang tertinggi kos untuk dirawat, dengan perbelanjaan penjagaan langsung melebihi mereka yang menghidap kanser dan penyakit jantung. Pengambilan terlalu banyak dan terlalu kerap produk makanan terproses telah menyumbang kepada peningkatan kemerosotan kesihatan pada usia yang muda. Madu telah diketahui di seluruh dunia sejak sekian lama merupakan salah satu produk asli dan semulajadi untuk digunapakai sebagai makanan kesihatan terutamanya disebabkan oleh kandungan antioksidan dan fenoliknya. Beberapa dekad kebelakangan ini, banyak kajian telah dilakukan untuk memahami proses biologi gangguan kerosakan terhadap sel otak dan cara untuk menghentikan atau melambatkan proses berkenaan menggunakan produk semulajadi. Madu telah menunjukkan potensi besar yang mampu mengurangkan atau melambatkan gangguan kemerosotan saraf ini. Berdasarkan kajian terbaru penggunakan madu dan kesannya ke atas anatomi dan fisiologi otak, menunjukkan bahawa madu mempunyai potensi untuk menghentikan atau merawat gangguan kemerosotan kesihatan otak.
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