This is the first study on mental foramina in living mandible with MDCT. With its tremendous capabilities, MDCT may be established in anatomical studies and preoperative planning.

This is the first study showing supraorbital foramen/notch variations in living crania. MDCT should be established in anatomical studies and may be used in preoperative evaluation.

ISS was found to be more valuable than other trauma scoring systems for prognostic evaluation of pediatric trauma patients. On the other hand, blood glucose, AST, and ALT are easily available, cheap, and valuable alternative laboratory findings in prognostic evaluation.

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Chondroid syringoma is a myxoid tumor of the skin, which has a reported incidence of <0.01% among primary skin tumors. The majority of these tumors occur in the head and neck regions of adult males. The correct diagnosis is made by histopathologic examination. We present the first instance of chondroid syringoma in a child, which, to the best of our knowledge, has not been reported previously in the English language literature.

Due to its unique composition, the reconstruction of scrotal skin defects is a major clinical challenge. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of scrotal reconstruction, using skin grafts and skin flaps, on spermatogenesis. In Group 1, the rats did not undergo surgery and were used as controls. In Group 2, after removal of all of the scrotal skin to expose the testicles, the defect was repaired using a skin flap from the right groin region. In Group 3, the reconstruction was achieved using skin grafts. All the rats were killed at 2 months postoperatively and evaluated. The mean wet weights of the testicles in the control group were significantly higher compared with that of the graft group. The mean height of the germinal epithelium was significantly greater in the control and flap groups compared with that of the graft group. The Johnsen score for spermatogenesis in the control group was higher than that in the graft group. The use of flaps resulted in testicular function that was comparable to that of the control group, whereas the use of grafts resulted in diminished testicular function. Therefore, we suggest that flaps may be the first choice for scrotal reconstruction.

Aim:To determine if the prevalence of systemic joint hypermobility and temporomandibular disorders (TMD) is higher during pregnancy or not and also to confirm a correlation between systemic joint hypermobility and TMD.Methods: 70 pregnant and 40 age-matched non pregnant women were enrolled in the study. 30% of the pregnant women were in the first trimester of gestation, 34.3% of them were in the second, and 35.7% of them were in the third trimester. All of the subjects completed a self-administered questionnaire, and underwent a standardized clinical examination using the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (RDC/TMD). Hypermobility was determined according to the criteria of Beighton et al. Results: 7.1% of the pregnant women and 7.5% of the non-pregnant women received an RDC/TMD Axis I diagnosis (p> 0.05). 31.4% of the pregnant women and 40% of the non-pregnant women had systemic joint hypermobility (p> 0.05). Among all subjects who received a RDC/TMD Axis I diagnosis, 35.3% had systemic joint hypermobility and among all subjects who did not meet criteria to receive a RDC/TMD Axis I diagnosis, 25% had systemic joint hypermobility (p> 0.05). Conclusion:The prevalence of TMD and systemic joint hypermobility were not high among pregnant women compared to age matched non-pregnant women. And we were not able to confirm a correlation between systemic joint hypermobility and TMD.

Aim