According to the corruption cases reports, survey and research has shown that private sector or corporation is not only a victim of corrupted system in Indonesia, but also itself as an actor who commited to corruption. Therefore, a corporation shall actively contribute in preventing corruption. The anti-corruption preventing practices has commonly impelemented in several countries which potentially to be implemented as well in Indonesia with adjustment in Indonesia’s context. This paper is aims to enrich research and study on corruption prevention strategy by private sector/corporation that could contribute to the national corruption prevention strategy. This paper discussion is fall into three parts. First, to examine the anticorruption policy and regulation in relevant for corporation. Second, to identify how a corporation implement an anti-corruption program. Third, to identify how a corporation could maintain the effectiveness of its anti-corruption program.
<p><em>Indonesia with its five pillars of Pancasila binds the State and its citizens to "Believe in Almighty" where the religious identity is the spirit of the State that must be respected. This is proven by the existence of Law No. 1/PNPS/1965 concerning the Prevention of Blasphemy that prohibits blasphemy, atheism, or any belief other than the religious identity recognized by the government and law. Article 156 (a) of the criminal code, known as the Criminal Code, also punishes "the dissemination of information aimed at inciting religious hatred or hostility" for five years in prison. In addition, the Information and Electronic Transaction Law (ITE) Law No. 11 of 2008, regulating criminal sanctions for libel, hate speech, and insulting certain religions/beliefs through electronic devices. On the other hand, the 1945 Constitution, as well as the Human Rights Act of 1999 and Law No. 12/2005 concerning Ratification of the ICCPR guarantees freedom of expression, religion, and belief. Criticism of religion is quite limited and support for atheism is definitely still banned in Indonesia. Therefore, this article yearns to explore the dynamics of law enforcement and defamation in Indonesia in national and international human rights regimes. Then, does the law on blasphemy have a legal basis in the Indonesian legal system, national and international human rights regimes, and the surrounding social values? This study compares the application of religious blasphemy laws in several regions in Indonesia and in several Southeast Asian countries.</em></p>
The rights of religion and belief must be protected, which is a matter of concern for law enforcers in Indonesia. Law enforcers have attempted various case restrictions related to blasphemy, such as the provision of Article 156 (a) of the 1965 Blasphemy Law. Other legal provisions related to blasphemy regulation are regulated on Article 28 paragraph (2) of the Indonesian Law No. 11/ 2008 about Information and Electronic Transaction. Although in the Human Rights Act 1999 and Law No. 12 of 2005 concerning the ratification of the ICCPR, which has also guaranteed freedom of expression and restrictions on religious criticism, it has not been deemed appropriate to resolve various blasphemy issues that occur in Indonesia. In upholding human rights development in blasphemy, the National Commission on Human Rights has also made efforts by establishing a Standard of Norms and Regulations on Freedom of Religion and Belief. Therefore, this research paper will discuss applying the blasphemy law enforced by the Indonesian state with other countries. Besides, seeing the extent to which law enforcement is seen from the universal application of human rights enforced in Indonesia and whether or not the articles in the Blasphemy Law in Indonesia are properly resolved in resolving various blasphemy issues in Indonesia.
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