FUNDAMENTOS: A incidência e a mortalidade por melanoma cutâneo vêm aumentando em todo o mundo. Os registros brasileiros de bases populacionais não refletem precisamente a real dimensão do problema. OBJETIVOS: Estudo prospectivo de 65 casos de melanoma cutâneo observados no Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho no período de 1993 a 2003. MÉTODOS: Foram analisadas as variáveis idade, sexo, cor, localização, tipos clínico-histológicos e estadiamento. RESULTADOS: 64,7% na faixa etária de 40 a 69 anos, distribuição etária homogênea entre o sexo masculino (49,2%) e o sexo feminino (50,8%), predominância de brancos (83%), localização no tronco (35,3%), tipo clínico-histológico expansivo superficial (63%/30,7%) e relação de significância entre tipo acral localizado no pé em não brancos. Segundo o American Joint Committee on Cancer, em 2002, 22 casos (33,8%) no estádio IA, 14 (21,5%) melanomas in situ e um caso indeterminado. CONCLUSÕES: O melanoma cutâneo primário na amostra estudada mostrou padrões semelhantes aos classicamente reconhecidos e maior freqüência do estádio IA e melanoma in situ.

Dermatophytoses are common fungal infections caused by dermatophytes but there are few data about this condition in the childhood. 137 children below the age of 12 and clinically diagnosed as tineas were investigated prospectively at Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria, Rio de Janeiro, from 1994 to 1999. Hair, skin/nails scraping and pus swabs were collected from lesions and processed for fungus. Male children from 2 to 12 years were mostly affected; tinea capitis (78 cases) mainly caused by Microsporum canis (46 cases) was the most common clinical form. Tinea corporis (43 cases) mainly caused by Trichophyton rubrum (17 cases) accounted for the second most frequent clinical form. Tinea cruris (10 cases) with Trichophyton rubrum (5 cases) as the most common etiologic agent accounted for the third most frequent clinical form. Tinea pedis and tinea unguium were much less frequent (3 cases each). Trichophyton rubrum was the most common etiologic agent isolated in these cases (3 cases).

Thirty-four different types of dermatological alterations were identified in the healthy newborn within 3 days of life at the Maternity School of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. Underreporting of dermatoses with serious medical significance shows the importance of a dermatologist in the neonatal unit of a hospital.

94 children and 25 adolescents, 42% male and 58% female, aged predominantly between six and ten years old (40%) were studied at the Martagão Gesteira Childcare and Pediatrics Institute (Rio de Janeiro Federal University) between 2005 and 2011. The prevalent clinical form of vitiligo was the generalized type (34%). Although the clinical response was similar between the treatment modalities, we decided for low and high power topical steroids in our routine. Halo nevi were found in seven (5.9%) cases. Thirty (25%) patients underwent specialized evaluation and 18 (60%) reported some relevant psychological situation.

SUMMARYBackground: Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune disease characterized by blistering of the skin and mucosa, which develops due to the interaction between predisposing genetic and environmental factors. Infections caused by members of the Herpesviridae family have been suggested as a possible triggering factor for PV. Objective and Methods: In this report, we investigate the presence of herpesviruses in refractory lesions on the right upper eyelid. The lesion has persisted despite the treatment with corticosteroids. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequence analysis have been used to detect the DNA of HSV 1/2, VZV, EBV, CMV, HHV-6, HHV-7, and HHV-8. Results: The sample collected from the right upper eyelid has tested positive for HSV 1/2. Sequence analysis has confirmed the PCR results and allowed the identification of the HSV strain as belonging to type 1. After treatment with acyclovir, the lesion of the right upper eyelid has cleared and not relapsed. Conclusion: When patients present PV lesions which are refractory to corticosteroid therapy, herpetic infection should be considered.