Ions migrate through the hybrid halide perovskite lattice allowing for a variety of electrochemical applications as perovskite-based electrodes for batteries. It is still unknown how extrinsic defects as lithium-ions interact with the hybrid perovskite structure during the charging process. It is shown here that Li + intake/release proceeds by topotactic insertion into the hybrid perovskite host, without drastic structural alterations or rearrangement. Even the perovskite electronic band structure remains basically unaltered upon cycling. The occurrence of conversion or alloying reactions producing metallic lead is discarded. Stable specific capacity ≈200 mA h g -1 is delivered which entails outstanding Li-ion concentration, x in Li x CH 3 NH 3 PbBr 3 , approaching 3.Slight distortions of the perovskite lattice upon cycling explain the highly-reversible Li + intercalation reaction that also exhibits an excellent rate capability.
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Lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cathodes are one of the most promising candidates to find application in hybrid electric vehicle energy storage system. For this reason advances in the performance of its theoretical capacity at high charge/discharge rates is under continuous development. Most used strategies to improve power performance are carbon coating and the addition of a conductive polymer, such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) [PEDOT]. The data obtained from impedance analysis show that these strategies not only improve the charge transfer but also favor the lithiation/delithiation processes in the phosphate matrix. Furthermore, PEDOT is capable to reduce the resistances of charge transfer and lithiation reaction inside the phosphate matrix by one order of magnitude in comparison with those achieved with the carbon coating strategy. In this study, the most effective strategy has been the addition of PEDOT by a blending method, resulting in a specific capacity of 130 mA h g LFP -1 at 2C.2
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