The methanol, dichloromethane, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate extracts and volatile components of Spirulina platensis were tested in vitro for their antimicrobial activity (four Gram-positive, six Gram-negative bacteria and Candida albicans ATCC 10239). GC-MS analysis of the volatile components of S. platensis resulted in the identification of 15 compounds which constituted 96.45% of the total compounds. The volatile components of S. platensis consisted of heptadecane (39.70%) and tetradecane (34.61%) as major components. The methanol extract showed more potent antimicrobial activity than dichloromethane, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate extracts and volatile components.

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Fixation of unstable distal radius fractures with palmar locking plates provides a stable reduction and early return of function, but complications arising from unrecognized dorsally prominent screws penetrating the extensor compartments are increasingly reported. Standard radiographs and fluoroscopy may not adequately visualize screw lengths, owing to the complex shape of the dorsum of the distal radius. We examined 46 distal radius fractures treated with palmar locking plates by ultrasound. Of the total 230 locking screws, 59 protruded from the dorsal cortical surface by 0.5 mm or more (range 0.5-6.1 mm). The first extensor compartment was violated by one screw, the second compartment by 22 screws, the third compartment by 15 screws, and the fourth compartment by 21 screws. Asymptomatic tenosynovitis was detected in four and symptomatic tenosynovitis in 14 of the 59 prominent screws. Ultrasound imaging may be useful in cases where intra-articular and/or comminuted fractures require distal plate placement and engagement of screws in the dorsal cortex.

Abstract. Thyroid hemiagenesis is a very rare abnormality, in which one thyroid lobe fails to develop. Most of the patients diagnosed have an associated thyroidal disease. The true prevalence of thyroid hemiagenesis is not known, but it is estimated to be 0.02% in normal children. We report a forty-five year-old female patient with a multinodular goiter in left lobe, associated with hemiagenesis of right lobe and isthmus. CaseA 45-year-old female patient was presented with long-standing, painless, palpable left thyroid mass. She was clinically euthyroid, and had a palpable left lobe (Grade 1b) associated with probable 2 cm thyroid nodule in the lower pole of the left lobe. The rest of the physical examination was unremarkable. Her serum free T3, free T4, TSH, antithyroglobulin antibody, antimicrosomal antibody levels were 2.5 pg/ml (normal range: 2.3-4.2), 1.3 ng/ml (normal range: 0.8-1.5), 0.89 mIU/ml (normal range: 0.5-5.5), 20 IU/ml (normal range: 0-50), and 19 IU/ml (normal range: 0-50) respectively. As shown in Fig. 1, thyroid scintigraphy with Tc-99 m pertechnetate revealed the absence of right lobe and isthmus and a hypoactive nodule in the lower pole of left lobe. Ultrasonography confirmed the right lobe and the isthmus agenesis (Fig. 2). Ultrasonography revealed a left lobe (25 × 22 × 67 mm) with multiple nodules (Fig. 3). The dominant nodule was a degenerated cystic nodule in the lower pole of left lobe (20 × 22 × 25 mm). Fine needle aspiration biopsy revealed a degenerated colloidal nodule.

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The findings provided in the present study, which define frontal sinus pneumatization patterns by CT-based volumetry, proved that two opposite sides of the frontal sinuses are asymmetric and three-dimensional classification should be developed by CT-based volumetry, because two-dimensional evaluations lack depth measurement.

A 21-year-old woman with tuberous sclerosis presented with abdominal distension and flank pain. Imaging studies, including CT and MR imaging, revealed bilateral renal mass lesions, containing fat and suggesting the diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis. However the imaging characteristics of one of these lesions differed from the others with no radiologically detectable fat tissue in this solid lesion suggesting renal cell carcinoma. Histopathological examination of this lesion in the left kidney revealed an angiomyolipoma within minimal fat tissue. The radiological diagnosis of angiomyolipomas with minimal fat tissue remains difficult and the differential diagnosis is discussed.