Abstract. Polarization tensor is an old terminology in mathematics and physics with many recent industrial applications including medical imaging, nondestructive testing and metal detection. In these applications, it is theoretically formulated based on the mathematical modelling either in electrics, electromagnetics or both. Generally, polarization tensor represents the perturbation in the electric or electromagnetic fields due to the presence of conducting objects and hence, it also desribes the objects. Understanding the properties of the polarization tensor is necessary and important in order to apply it. Therefore, in this study, when the conducting object is a spheroid, we show that the polarization tensor is positive-definite if and only if the conductivity of the object is greater than one. In contrast, we also prove that the polarization tensor is negative-definite if and only if the conductivity of the object is between zero and one. These features categorize the conductivity of the spheroid based on in its polarization tensor and can then help to classify the material of the spheroid.
The pandemic has changed the way people work. In the midst of excitement of working from home emerged the issue of work burnout. Work burnout is a phenomenon associated with people and their career development. Work burnout is an important risk factor for excessive stress in individual professional lives. The present study aims to explore Alderfer's Work Motivation Theory to understand work burnout. This study explores how ERG (Existence, Relatedness and Growth) Motivation influences the factors of personal, colleague and workrelated burnout. Feeling of deprivation in the working environment leads to burnout. Therefore, this research aims on personal, colleague and work-related burnout. The data conducted through a total of 100 respondents from a public university in Malaysia. The data collection using quantitative methods was performed through questionnaires and SPSS was used to summarize the demographic information and descriptive analysis. The questionnaire consists of 4 sections, a) demographic profile, b) personal burnout, c) work related burnout and d) colleague related burnout with a total of 23 items. The findings shed light on the role of work motivation in transmitting the impact of work burnout. The major contribution of the study is to understand that work motivation is indeed affecting work burnout. The study presented has profound implications for future studies of work motivation and it is hoped this study will provide valuable evidence on how to focus on personal, colleague and work-related burnout for continuous improvement.
<p>Mathematics is one of the fundamental subjects that contributes to Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) careers since it plays a vital role in this Fourth Industrial Revolution. Due to that, this subject has been added in syllabus starting from primary school until university level and most of the students are taking mathematics but not limited to the students who are in the STEM area only. However, not all students particularly favour this subject since it requires problem solving skills as well as motivation to learn the subject matter. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate students’ motivation in learning Mathematics through Vrooms’ Theory. Quantitative method was used by distributing a set of questionnaires to 234 students in a public university in Malaysia. The instrument from the questionnaire consisted of three sections, a) affective components, b) expectancy components and c) value components with a total of 24 items. The findings revealed that students face anxiety while learning Mathematics and it could be motivating factors for the student to work even harder to perform in Mathematics. It was shown that their motivation towards learning Mathematics was influenced by how much value they placed on the outcome of the learning. This study can help educators to have a better understanding of students' learning motivation and provide continuous support to students. </p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0853/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
Describing the perturbation in electric or electromagnetic fields due to conductivity contrast could be essential to improve many industrial applications. The applications include electrical imaging such as electrical impedance tomography, electrical resistivity tomography and metal detectors. In this case, understanding the perturbation helps, for examples, to improve reconstruction of images for medical purposes or reduce the possibility of detecting nonthreat objects during security screening with metal detectors. One way to describe the perturbation in electric or electromagnetic fields due to the presence of a conducting object in the region of the field is to use the terminology called as polarization tensor, where, polarization tensor can then be used to describe and characterize the presented object. Mathematically, polarization tensor can be defined in terms of boundary value problems of a PDE or also as integral equations in an asymptotic series. In this paper, the applications of polarization tensor are highlighted specifically to characterize object. The examples included are in the natural electric fish and also in an artificial intelligence. It is proposed to relate all studies in the future to improve the related applications using polarization tensor.
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