Lung cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies in the world. However, current curative approaches for treating this type of cancer have some weaknesses. Therefore, scientists are attempting to discover new anti-lung cancer agents. Sea cucumber is a marine-derived source for discovering biologically active compounds with anti-lung cancer properties. To explore the anti-lung cancer properties of sea cucumber, we analyzed surveys using VOSviewer software and identified the most frequently used keywords. We then searched the Google Scholar database for compounds with anti-lung cancer properties within that keyword family. Finally, we used AutoDock 4 to identify the compounds with the highest affinity for apoptotic receptors in lung cancer cells. The results showed that triterpene glucosides were the most frequently identified compounds in studies examining the anti-cancer properties of sea cucumbers. Intercedenside C, Scabraside A, and Scabraside B were the three triterpene glycosides with the highest affinity for apoptotic receptors in lung cancer cells. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that anti-lung cancer properties of sea cucumber-derived compounds have been examined in in silico conditions. Ultimately, these three components displayed anti-lung cancer properties in in silico conditions and may be used for the manufacture of anti-lung cancer agents in the near future.
Background At this point in the health care reform process in Kazakhstan, it is very important to fully implement Data Driven Management methods. However, there is a lack of scientific evidence on how this reform, as well as the family doctor’s professional mission and training standards, are perceived by medical practitioners themselves. The study is aimed at revealing the opinions of medical practitioners about primary health care reform and the family doctor’s professional mission and training standards.Methods An interview was used as the qualitative research method in this study. Data from the Kazakhstani focus group research on the family doctor’s professional mission and training standards. The interviews were conducted in four focus groups with experienced health professionals and nurses from Kazakhstan medical institutions where residents do their internships. Each interview group had 8–10 informants.Results As a result of the study, a generalized content and categorization of the subjective perceptions of health professionals were obtained, reflecting their views on the reform of the primary health care sector and on the role of the family doctor and other health professionals.Conclusions Health professionals in Kazakhstan escalate important problems of modern health care and professional development, as well as the interaction of health professionals of different categories – family doctors, specialist doctors and nurse practitioners. At the same time, some of the problems raised have a universal, international character, while others reflect the socio-cultural specificity of healthcare in the countries of the former Eastern bloc.
Depression and anxiety in cardiovascular disease worsen the prognosis of patients. Treatments for these disorders often provide limited improvement. The present study aimed to test, for the first time, the impact of educational technology on anxiety and depressive symptoms in patients participating in a cardiac rehabilitation program. A 12-month randomized controlled trial was conducted, in which 207 patients were randomly assigned to either the experimental (n = 76) or control (n = 69) groups. The intervention involved a structured patient education program provided by medical students who had undergone specially designed training in cardiac rehabilitation. The primary outcomes were death, hospitalization, heart failure, and recurrent myocardial infarction. The study also assessed anxiety and depression. A year later, the experimental group showed a statistically significant decrease in anxiety and depression on the HADS scale, with reductions of 2.0 and 1.9 points, respectively (p < 0.05). The control group showed reductions of 1.5 and 1.2 points (p < 0.05). The difference in the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression between the groups at 12 months was −1.29 in favor of the main group (95% CI, −0.7 to −1.88), and the standardized mean difference was 0.36 (95% CI, 0.03 to 0.69). No treatment-related adverse events were observed. The results suggest that educational interventions can have a positive impact on mental health. The study’s strengths include a structured intervention, randomization, and long-term follow-up. The limitations include the lack of blinding of study participants and a relatively small sample size.
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