Complementary URS may be used safely after SWL failure in proximal ureteral stones. Its success rate and morbidities are similar to primary URS, except for longer operation time and an increased need for balloon dilatation.
Sexual function disorders, especially ejaculation disorders (EP and PEP), are frequently seen in CP/CPPS patients versus normal population. Age, symptoms period, symptom score and CP/CPPS subgroups are not risk factors for sexual function disorders. Patients with the diagnosis of CP/CPPS should be evaluated for sexual function disorders.
Simple renal cysts are quite common in adults with an incidence that increases with age. Sclerosant treatment is very common, but the recurrence rate is high. Results are still under investigation for laparoscopic approaches and their long follow-up periods. Between 1998 and 2004, 21 patients were diagnosed with symptomatic renal cysts in our clinics. Initially, all patients underwent aspiration-sclerotherapy with 95% ethanol, the most common sclerosant, under ultrasound, fluoroscopy, or CT guidance. For those with sclerosant therapy failure, the laparoscopic unroofing method was used. Like open surgery, laparoscopic unroofing of the cyst appears to be effective by not only removing part of the cyst wall, but more importantly, by providing adequate drainage of the cyst. After sclerotherapy, 71% of the patients had recurrent pain and cyst on follow-up (at mean 14 months). This group of patients was cured with the laparoscopic unroofing method and there is still no recurrence.We emphasize the unroofing method as better than single session sclerotherapy. And also, laparoscopic unroofing of the cyst is more predictable and has better results than sclerotherapy aspiration.
Urolithiasis is a common multifactorial urological disorder that is characterized by stone formation. Interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-6 are pro-inflammatory cytokines that might be linked with urolithiasis. The single nucleotide polymorphisms within the IL-1 and IL-6 cytokine genes altered the cytokine expression levels. Our aim was to investigate the potential of IL-1β (-511 C>T), IL-6 (-174 G>C, -572 G>C, -597 G>A) and IL-1RN VNTR gene polymorphisms to be a genetic marker for urinary stone disease. The polymorphisms studied in the promoter regions of IL-1β and IL-6 genes did not reveal a strong association with urolithiasis when compared to the control group (p = 0.293, 0.871, 0.921, 0.536, respectively). However, a significant difference was observed between control and patient groups for IL-1RN VNTR gene polymorphism (χ2 = 6.131, d.f. = 2, p = 0.047). Our data provide evidence that IL-1RN VNTR gene polymorphism may be involved in the pathogenesis of urinary stone formation, contributing to genetic susceptibility for urolithiasis.
Epidermoid cyst of the testis is a benign, non-teratomatous tumour. It is often possible to make the diagnosis pre-operatively, combining typical sonographic features with normal biochemical tumour markers. The accurate pre-operative diagnosis will allow for testis-sparing surgery and prevent unnecessary orchiectomy. An 11-year-old boy with testicular epidermoid cyst who presented with pain in testis was presented in this report.
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