OBJECTIVE: Hashimoto's thyroiditis, also known as chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis or autoimmune thyroiditis, is a considerable part of the spectrum of chronic autoimmune thyroid gland disorders which is pathologically associated with various degrees of lymphocytic infiltration. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate whether cartilage thickness is affected in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis or not in thyroidology. METHODS: A total of 61 individuals had been evaluated in this case-control study, including 32 euthyroid Hashimoto's thyroiditis patients and 29 healthy subjects comparable in age, sex, and body mass index. The patients with a history of knee trauma or knee surgery, an additional systemic disease such as diabetes mellitus, or an inflammatory disease like rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and scleroderma had not been included in the study. The thickness of the femoral articular cartilage was measured using B-mode ultrasonography, and the right lateral condyle, right intercondylar area, right medial condyle, left medial condyle, left intercondylar area, and left lateral condyle were also measured. RESULTS: No statistically significant difference between patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis diagnosis and healthy controls in terms of age, age groups, gender, and body mass index (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: As a consequence, no obvious connection between autoimmune markers and cartilage thickness in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis was recognized. Although the diverse manifestation of Hashimoto's thyroiditis could be observed, it seems to be no liaison between thyroid autoimmunity and cartilage thickness.

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of Duloxetine on anterior segment parameters and intraocular pressure(IOP) in open angle eyes.Methods: 38 eyes of 38 patients with fibromyalgia who had open or wide open angles according to the Shaffer classification. Anterior segment optic coherence tomography was performed before and after (month 3) Duloxetine treatment. IOP, central corneal thickness(CCT), corneal endothelial cell density(CECD) and anterior chamber depth(ACD) were also recorded and evaluated. Results: No statistically significant difference was determined in IOP, CCT and CECD(p > 0.05). However, a statistically significant increase was determined in both the temporal and nasal anterior chamber angle, angle opening distance, nasal trabecular-iris space area and ACD values between the baseline and month 3 (p < 0.001). Conclusion: We think that the short term use of Duloxetine does not lead to clinically significant changes despite their statistically significant effects on the anterior chamber parameters.

Ankylosing spondylitis, a form of axial spondyloarthritis (SpA), is a chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease and manifests itself by inflammatory back pain, radiographic sacroiliitis, and excess spinal bone formation, as well as non-skeletal manifestations such as uveitis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), or psoriasis 1 . Reported prevalence rates range between 0.1 and 0.5% 1,2 .Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is a cytokine with a key regulatory role in the inflammatory response, and impaired regulation of TNF-alpha has been suggested to have a role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory conditions. Blocking the action of TNF-alpha has been used in the treatment of chronic inflammatory conditions, including ankylosing spondylitis. Adalimumab is a recombinant human IgG1 monoclonal antibody, specific for human TNF-alpha.Despite its revolutionary benefits in rheumatologic disease, adverse effects such as ocular complications, severe infection, demyelinating conditions, malignancies, a lupus-like syndrome, induction of autoantibodies, injection site reactions, and heart failure have been reported with the use of TNF-alpha inhibitors 3 . Reported ocular side effects include periorbital infection, oculomotor nerve palsy, optic neuritis, central vein occlusion, as well as a paradoxical adverse event uveitis [4][5][6][7][8] . Most data on ocular side effects come from anecdotal reports, and pathophysiological processes are mostly unknown³; thus, ocular structural changes during long-term TNF-alpha inhibitor use may shed light on the pathogenesis of these conditions.Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a practical technique widely used in clinical practice, which enables detailed examination of the eye and allows the thicknesses of the choroid, retina, and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) to be measured.

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate if rehabilitation without specific cognitive rehabilitation improved cognitive functions in patients who had suffered a stroke more than 1 year ago, and to correlate this finding with risk factors. Material and Methods Thirty stroke patients were included in the study. A rehabilitation program was administered to the patients for a total of 30 sessions, 5 days a week. In addition, demographic data of the patients were collected, as well as several risk factors that may impair their cognitive function. The pre- and post-treatment cognitive function of the patients was evaluated using mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and functional independence measure (FIM)-cognitive. Pre- and post-treatment motor function measured by the Brunnstrom motor recovery stage (BMRS). Pre- and post-treatment walking ability was assessed with Functional Ambulation Categories (FAC). Along with the general comparison of cognitive function pre- and post-treatment, additional pre- and post-treatment comparisons were made according to risk factors. Results According to MMSE and FIM-cognitive scores, improvement in cognitive function was detected following treatment (p

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of Duloxetine on anterior segment parameters and intraocular pressure(IOP) in open angle eyes. Methods: 38 eyes of 38 patients with bromyalgia who had open or wide open angles according to the Shaffer classi cation. Anterior segment optic coherence tomography was performed before and after (month 3) Duloxetine treatment. IOP, central corneal thickness(CCT), corneal endothelial cell density(CECD) and anterior chamber depth(ACD) were also recorded and evaluated.Results: No statistically signi cant difference was determined in IOP, CCT and CECD(p > 0.05). However, a statistically signi cant increase was determined in both the temporal and nasal anterior chamber angle, angle opening distance, nasal trabecular-iris space area and ACD values between the baseline and month 3 (p < 0.001). Conclusion:We think that the short term use of Duloxetine does not lead to clinically signi cant changes despite their statistically signi cant effects on the anterior chamber parameters.