In this article, in which Nevres Efenedi's perception of Iranians and Shiites and his views as an early reformist, is studied through his work named Tarihiçe-i Nevres, it is attempted to examine whether he was also under the influence of Ibn Khaldunist views of history and society, like the opposition intellectuals of his time. For this purpose, Nevres Efendi's unique and early reformist ideas, are discussed with a descriptive and comparative method in the light of studies about the other early reformist and Ibn Khaldunist intellectuals who looked for remedies to prevent decline of the Ottoman Empire. Tarihçe-i Nevres is studied not in terms of the political reasons and results of the Revan Campaign, but in terms of early modern traces and Ibn Khaldunist influences, within the framework of sub-headings such as Shiite perception, approach to the ancient law, criticism of state institutions. The rationale of this study is based on the fact that Nevres Efendi, who is thought to be a dissident and early reformist and was assumed to be influenced by the Ibn Khaldunist point of view, and his work, Tarihi-i Nevres, were excluded from evaluation by Ottoman researchers. Being almost the very first study on Tarihçe-i Nevres makes this attempt a pioneering but limited experiment.
XIX. Yüzyılın iki büyük siyasi gücünün Doğu Akdeniz’de karşı karşıya gelişleri öncelikle Kudüs ve çevresinde gerçekleşmiş, İngiltere’nin Hindistan yollarını kontrol altında tutmaya yönelik dış politikası Napolyon tehlikesinin bertaraf edilmesinden sonra Rusya’nın bölgede atacağı adımlara odaklanmıştır. Başka bir ifade ile İngiltere, Rusya karşısında reaktif bir Doğu politikası izlemiştir. Rusya’nın sıcak denizlere inme siyaseti Büyük Petro’dan beri sabit kalmış ancak ideolojik arka planında olan Ortodoksları himaye etme siyaseti Rusya’daki siyasal, sosyal, askeri gelişmelerden etkilenerek gelişmeye devam etmiştir. Filistin ve Suriye’deki Osmanlı tebaası olan Ortodoks Arapları kendi sınırları dışında kalan tebaası olarak gören Rusya’nın, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu karşısındaki zaferleri ertesindeki tüm siyasi antlaşmalarına bu iddiasını derç ettirmesi ve bu tebaa üzerinde nüfuz kurmaya başlaması, İngiltere’nin de bölgede konsolosluk ihdası ve misyonerlik faaliyetleri üzerinden nüfuz kurma siyaseti gütmesine sebep olmuştur. Sonuçta Ortodoks Arapları ve Yahudileri Protestanlığa ihtida ettiremeyen İngiltere Osmanlı tebaası olan Yahudileri himaye etmeye yönelmiş ve Rusya’ya yönelik reaktif Doğu politikası kapsamında Filistin’e Yahudi göçünü teşvik etmeye başlamıştır. Abstract The confrontation of the two great political powers of the 19th century in the Eastern Mediterranean took place primarily in al-Quds (Jerusalem) and its surroundings. Britain's foreign policy at the time was to keep the route to India under its control whilst aware of the steps that Russia was taking in the region after the Napoleonic danger was eliminated. In other words, Britain followed a reactive eastern policy towards Russia. Russia's policy of access to warm-water ports (seas) had remained stable since Peter the Great. However, the policy of protecting Orthodox peoples with an ideological background continued to develop, influenced by the political, social and military developments in Russia. Russia, which viewed the Orthodox Arabs in Palestine and Syria as its subjects outside its borders, included this claim in all political treaties that resulted from victory over the Ottoman Empire. The fact that Russia began to gain influence over these citizens caused Britain to pursue a policy of influence in the region through the establishment of a consulate and missionary activities. As a result, Britain, unable to convert Orthodox Arabs and Jews to Protestantism, tended to protect Jews, who were Ottoman citizens, and began to encourage Jewish immigration to Palestine.
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