The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is a new factor in the etiology of recurrent loss of pregnancy. For this purpose, serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels as indicators of oxidative stress, and endocan levels, a marker of vascular dysfunction, were investigated in patients diagnosed with habitual abortion. Materials and Methods: The research was conducted as a prospective case-control study. Patients aged 18-40 years with two or more consecutive pregnancy losses revealed by ultrasonographic or histopathological examination, and with no pathology capable of causing habitual abortion were included in the study group. Patients with no history of abortion, with at least one healthy pregnancy, who were planning pregnancies, and who presented to the outpatient clinic for routine prepregnancy tests were selected as the control group. Two groups were established-habitual abortion (n = 30) and control (n = 29). At the end of the menstrual cycle, blood samples were collected and centrifuged. Serum NO, MDA, and endocan levels were studied. Results: Serum endocan, NO, and MDA levels were higher in women with habitual abortion compared to healthy controls. Pearson's correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between serum endocan levels and NO and MDA levels. A positive correlation was also observed between serum MDA and NO levels. Multiple regression was run to predict serum endocan levels from MDA and NO levels. These variables emerged as statistically significant predictors of endocan. Conclusion: These findings suggest the presence of vascular endothelial dysfunction in patients with habitual abortion.
Objective: This study compared the therapeutic effectiveness of hypnotherapy and cognitive behavioral therapy in patients with primary vaginismus previously assessed by a psychiatrist and a gynecologist. Methods: We performed as a single-center, cross-sectional study in 35 patients with primary vaginismus. Results: Successful coitus was achieved by 19 (95%) individuals in the hypnotherapy group and by 14 (93.3%) members of the cognitive behavioral therapy group. These success rates were similar (p=0.681). The mean number of sessions until successful coitus was significantly lower in the hypnotherapy group (p=0.000). Conclusions: Hypnotherapy and cognitive behavioral therapy can be applied with similar high success rates in the treatment of vaginismus. However, success may be achieved with fewer sessions with hypnotherapy.
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