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This study reaffirmed that SRT achieves very good local control and eye retention rates. PIB did not appear to reduce the radiation retinopathy rate in this study, and more studies are required especially Phase II and III trials to determine PIB efficacy in preventing RR.

The distribution and molecular detection of geminivirus pathogen of chilli yellowing disease in Sumatera lsland.  The objective of this research was to investigate the spread and to detect geminivirus in Sumatra Island.  The method is survey infected of plants in  Province of Lampung, South Sumatra, Bengkulu, Jambi, West Sumatra, and North Sumatra was used to detection of geminivirus from collected chilli plants by PCR (polymerase reaction chain) technique. The result showed that based on typical symptoms and molecular detection of collected sample from Lampung, South Sumatera, and North Sumatera were infected by geminivirus. The type symptoms were turning yellowing, curling, and stunting. Occurrence of disease accidents were for Province of Lampung 0 - 100%, South Sumatra 20 - 60%, Bengkulu 0 - 40%, Jambi 0 - 5%, West Sumatra 0 - 5% and North Sumatra 0 – 80%, while sample Province of Jambi and of West Sumtera were not infected by geminivirus based on symptoms and molecular detection.

Characterization of whitefly (Bemisia  tabaci) as geminivirus vector based on RAPD-PCR. The variation of whitefly was performed by the appearance of population having diferent DNA sequence.  PCR-RAPD and dendogram was expected to be used to investigate the variation of whitefly in Sumatera.  Morphological observation on the whitefly colleted from field area showed that the geminivirus-transmitting vector was Bemisia  tabaci with varied population.  Based on PCR-RAPD and dendogram analysis in Sumatera, it was known that Bemicia tabaci had a high variation both intra and inter field area.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui genus nematoda parasit tumbuhan yang dominan pada bibit dan tanaman kopi robusta (C. canephora var robusta) muda di Kabupaten Tanggamus dan mengetahui kelimpahan nematoda parasit tumbuhan yang dominan dan tingkat kerusakan tanaman akibat serangan nematoda pada bibit dan tanaman kopi robusta (C. canephora var robusta) muda di Kabupaten Tanggamus. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di kebun pembibitan kopi Edufarm PT Nestle Indonesia di Kecamatan Talang Padang dan kebun tanaman kopi robusta muda milik petani binaan PT Nestle Indonesia di Kecamatan Ulu Belu, Air Naningan, Sumberejo, dan Pulau Panggung. Proses laboratorium dilakukan di Laboratorium Ilmu Hama Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Lampung. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari - Agustus 2017 menggunakan metode survai. Data komunitas nematoda dianalisis menggunakan Prominance Value (PV). Kelimpahan seluruh nematoda dari tanah dan akar, kelimpahan genus nematoda parasit tumbuhan yang dominan dari akar dan tanah dan intensitaskerusakan akar dianalisis ragam dan pemisahan nilai tengah diuji Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT) pada taraf nyata 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ditemukan 38 genus nematoda yang terdiri dari 16 genus nematoda parasit tumbuhan dan 22 genus nematoda hidup bebas, lima genus nematoda parasit tumbuhan yang dominan yaitu Pratylenchus, Radopholus, Rotylenchulus, Helicotylenchus, dan Ditylenchus. Kelimpahan Pratylenchus pada bibit dan kopi robusta muda yaitu 13 – 190 individu/300 cc tanah dan 321 individu/10 g akar di kebun bibit. Intensitas kerusakan tanaman mutlak (keterjadian) dan kerusakan tanaman relatif (keparahan) bibit yaitu 27% dan 11,8% dengan intensitas kerusakan akar 69,20%. Intensitas kerusakan tanaman mutlak (keterjadian)dan kerusakan tanaman relatif (keparahan) tanaman kopi muda berkisar 32 – 61% dan 19 – 24% dengan intensitas kerusakan akar berkisar 35 – 48,17%.