Cinnamic acid (CA) is known to lose its definite function by forming into radicals that able to penetrate into the skin and lead to health issues. Incorporating CA into zinc/aluminum-layered double hydroxides (Zn/Al-LDH) able to reduce photodegradation and eliminate close contact between skin and CA. Co-precipitation or direct method used by using zinc nitrate hexahydrate and aluminium nitrate nonahydrate as starting precursors with addition of various concentration of CA. The pH were kept constant at 7±0.5. Fourier Transform Infrared-Attenuated Total Reflectance (FTIR-ATR) shows the presence of nanocomposites peak 3381 cm -1 for OH group, 1641 cm -1 for C=O group, 1543 cm -1 for C=C group and 1206 cm -1 for C-O group and disappearance of N-O peak at 1352 cm -1 indicates that cinnamic acid were intercalated in between the layered structures. Powder X-Ray Diffraction (PXRD) analysis for Zn/Al-LDH show the basal spacing of 9.0 Ǻ indicates the presence of nitrate and increases to 18.0 Ǻ in basal spacing in 0.4M Zn/Al-LDH-CA. CHNS analysis stated that 40 % of cinnamic acid were being found and intercalated in between the interlayer region of the Zn/Al-LDH with higher thermal stability. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) images of 0.4 M Zn/Al-LDH-CA shows that the nanocomposites are in more compact, flaky non porous, large agglomerates with smooth the surfaces of the intercalated compound. Controlled release was successful with 80 % release in phosphite anion and 70 % release carbonate anion. The cinnamic acid was successfully inserted between the interlayer regions of Zn/Al-LDH with slow release formulation.
This study explored the possibility of Schiff-base ligand compound, 2-acetylpyridine 4-ethyl-3thiosemicarbazone (LH) and its organotin(IV) complex (BuSn(L)Cl2) as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 1M hydrochloric acid (HCl) medium. The chemical structures of the synthesised compounds were confirmed by performing elemental analysis, FT-IR, UV-Vis, NMR spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallography diffraction study. The structure showed the LH served as a tridentate (N, N', S) donor to tin through its pyridyl, azomethine nitrogen, and thiolate sulphur. The corrosion inhibition characteristics of the free Schiff-base ligand and its organotin complex were studied by the standard weight loss method. They showed inhibition activity through adsorption, and this phenomenon was found to obey Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The inhibition efficiency of both compounds was found to increase as their concentration was increased from 1 to 3mM, but the efficiency achieved with the tin complex was greater, being 98.98% at 3mM concentration.
In the title compound, C14H12ClN3S, the dihedral angle between the terminal benzene rings is 56.6 (2)°; the benzene rings lie to the same side of the molecule. The major twist in the molecule occurs around the Car—N bond (ar is aromatic) [C—N—C—C = 49.9 (5)°]. The configuration about the N=C bond [1.271 (4) Å] is E. The amine H atoms lie on opposite sides of the molecule with one forming an intramolecular N—H⋯N(imine) hydrogen bond and an S(5) ring. In the crystal, centrosymmetric dimers are formed via {⋯HNC=S}2 synthons.
The intercalation of 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) herbicide into the interlayer matrix of calcium–aluminium layered double hydroxide (CaAl LDH) host has been successfully done via the co-precipitation method to form CaAl-MCPA nanocomposite, proposing an eco-friendly alternative with an adjusted delivery system for herbicide application. The intercalation process is supported by powder X-ray diffraction analysis with an expanded interlayer spacing from 8.6 to 19.6 Å for nanocomposite pH 13, which is due to the inclusion of larger size anion in the interlayer. Next, the absence of a nitrate peak at 1,326 cm−1 and the presence of a newly formed peak at 1,416 cm−1 in the Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy analysis also confirmed the process of the intercalation. The significant decrease in nitrogen content to 0.50% indicates the intercalation of MCPA using the carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulphur analyser. The release rate of the MCPA anion in the aqueous solutions is initially rapid, followed by the slow release in the order of phosphate > carbonate > chloride and followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Hence, the conducted studies exhibit the successful intercalation of the MCPA herbicide anion and its controlled release mechanism as a potential hybrid green herbicide.
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