Malaysia rice production is threatened by rice blast disease, caused by Pyricularia oryzae. Yield can be greatly reduced by this disease as it can attack all the aerial parts of rice including leaves, node, neck, and collar. The use of resistant cultivar, which can be produced from resistance breeding, can control the disease effectively. Sarawak, in Malaysian Borneo, has diverse rice landraces, which can be genetic resources for resistance breeding. Study on the resistance of Sarawak rice landraces against P. oryzae, is still limited. In this study, diseased leaf samples were collected from rice fields in Serian division, Sarawak. One isolate was successfully obtained and designated as B2PG. The morphological characteristics were documented. Six Sarawak rice landraces were challenged with isolate B2PG. Four of the rice landraces were resistant and might carry resistance gene(s), which can be utilised in future breeding program.
Aims: Rice blast disease caused by Pyricularia oryzae is one of the major biotic diseases of rice in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. This study aims to isolate and characterize rice blast fungus obtained from infected leaf collected from four different divisions in Sarawak, viz, Miri, Serian, Sri Aman, and Kuching. Methodology and results: Twelve succeeded isolates were pre-identified as P. oryzae by morphological characteristics of spores, followed by verification through (internal transcribed spacer) ITS sequencing. The isolates were evaluated for morphological characteristics, growth rate and sporulation rate, which were grown on two types of media, (filtered oatmeal agar) FOMA and (potato dextrose agar) PDA. Morphological characterization showed that the colony surface of the different isolates varied from smooth and fluffy to rough and flattened mycelia; some were with the present of concentric rings, and some with aerial mycelia. The growth rate and sporulation rate of each isolate varied based on types of media used. Most of the isolates grew faster on PDA than on FOMA but produced higher number of spores on FOMA as compared to PDA. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: This preliminary study showed that there were variations observed based on morphological and physiological characterization for the different isolates collected in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. This study is the first step towards understanding variation in the population of P. oryzae from Sarawak.
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