The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of RICOSRE learning models towards critical thinking skills of students with different academic abilities. This quasi-experimental study employed a pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group design and involved all the eleventh-grade students from high schools in Malang, Indonesia. The sample consisted of 134 students from two separate schools which represented different academic abilities (high and low). Data were collected using an essay test on students' critical thinking skills. A rubric was employed to assess students' answers and the results were analyzed using ANCOVA. Findings suggest that (1) there is a difference between the critical thinking skills of students whose learning was facilitated with RICOSRE and critical thinking skills of students who were engaged in conventional learning, (2) there is a critical thinking difference between the high and low ability students, (3) there is a difference in students' critical thinking skills affected by the interaction between learning models and students' academic abilities. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that RICOSRE can close the critical thinking skills gap between the high and low ability students.

This research was conducted to investigate the potential of the ERCoRe learning model in empowering the retention of students' of different academic ability. Research Methods: This was a quasi-experimental research using pre-test and posttest non-equivalent control group design of 2x2. There were two independent variables. The first variable was the learning model consisting of the ERCoRe model and conventional learning, and the second variable was academic ability, consisting of upper and lower levels of academic ability. The dependent variable was the students' retention. The samples for this research were the students of class X in Pangkep District, Indonesia.

<p><span>Immune system content along with body defense mechanism tends to be an abstract content that is hard to comprehend by students. Digital flipbook learning media become an innovative learning medium to facilitate the immune system content understanding for students. Method used in the research is ADDIE research and development with the following stages: analysis, define, design, implement, and evaluation. The research is limited to the development stage. The number of respondents in the research consists of 30 senior high school students aged 17-19 years and 3 (three) Biology teachers aged 30-40 years for needs analysis. Learning media expert validation includes 3 (three) teachers and ten students for small group test. The medium is developed using applications of Microsoft PowerPoint 2010, Movavi Video Editor 14 and Flip PDF Professional. The assessment results of Digital Flipbook Imunopedia (DFI) learning media development by the three Biology education experts indicate valid and feasible to be used in immune system learning process. Average of each feasibility test aspect is content aspect (3.05), media aspect (2.95), and language aspect (2.95). The trial test results to small group regarding the DFI content, display, and benefits indicate a very feasible criterion (3.62).</span></p>

The level of the students' cognitive learning results is influenced by their ability in managing and evaluating their learning activities, known as metacognitive skill ability. This investigation was a correlational investigation designed at investigating the connection among metacognitive skills. However, the study linked to the connection among the 2 variables by the implementation of ERCoRe model has not been conducted yet, because ERCoRe learning model is included as a new learning model. This remained quasi-experimental by means of pretest and posttest nonequivalent switch project of 2x2. This research was analyzed by Regression. The samples of this research consisted of 66 pupils of Senior High School in Pangkep District, Indonesia. The results of this research find that the ERCoRe learning model has a very strong contribution (85.6%) and the linear regression equation is Y =0.880X + 13.11 related to the connection among metacognitive skills and cognitive knowledge results of Senior High School. Therefore, this model can be used as a reference for teachers to improve their students' cognitive learning results.

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