The aim of the research is to explore the potential of fern species as natural ecological indicator agent to forecast microclimate changes in the urban area. Ferns which also known as pteridophyte are not only valuable in term of its ethno-botanical uses such as food and medicine but also useful in ecological values. Other than that it can be used to treat unhealthy environment such as absorbing methane gas, fertilizing land and treating heavy metal such as arsenic as well as can be used as a potential ecological indicator agent for microclimate changes. In this research, observation and measurement were made at two different environments which are natural environments; Gunung Jerai, Kedah and Lata Jarum, Pahang and manmade setting environments; Hospital Serdang, Serdang and Secret Garden, Kuala Lumpur. Interestingly results from two case studies of natural environments indicated that the distribution and abundance of fern species strongly influenced by differences in altitude. Twelve fern species were found at different elevations at Gunung Jerai, Kedah whereas 20 fern species were found at Lata Jarum, Pahang. Among the species found at Gunung Jerai were Selaginella willdenowii, Arcypteris irregularis, Adiantum caudatum, Pityrogramma calomelanos, Histiopteris stipulacea, Athyrium cordifolium, Osmund wachellii, and Cyathea contaminans. Whereas the species found at Lata Jarum are Dicranopteris linearis, Phymatodes scolopendria, Antrophyum callifolium, Arcypteris irregularis, Phymatodes crustachea, Selaginella willdenowi, Angiopteris evecta and Aglaomorpha heraclea. Another factor that influences the occurrences of the fern species is microclimate particularly atmospheric factor. Results observed from both case studies showed that light intensity, relative humidity and temperature also influenced the distribution of fern species. Therefore fern species are excellent ecological indicator which can be used as phytoindicator for unhealthy environment such as harsh environment or to predict microclimate changes at urban area.
Al and Fe Heavy Metal Concentrations in the Vegetative and Root Parts of Dicranopteris linearis, Nephrolepis bifurcata, Stenochlaena palustris and Acrostichum aureum Grew in Highly Weathered Soil the accumulation of heavy metals. Furthermore, the remediation of numerous sites that are polluted with heavy metals, like landfills, is a cost-effective solution employing green technologies, like phytoremediation.
Water pollution and water scarcity due to the discharge of untreated domestic and industrial wastewater into aquatic bodies need serious attention. A number of physical, chemical, and biological methods have been developed for wastewater treatment; among these, the use of cyanobacteria is considered as sustainable ways of averting the consequences. The dual application of microalgae for phycoremediation and biomass production for value products like biofuels and fertilizers is a feasible and eco-friendly alternative. This research aimed to investigate variables controlling heavy metal sequestration mechanism by assessing the effects of environmental variables from the mixtures of artificial wastewater samples using Synechococcus sp., and Pseudanabaena sp. Six heavy metals (Pb, Fe, Cr, Cd, Al, and Cu) treatments were tested and analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) at three different periods of time (week 1 until week 3). The results indicated that both cyanobacteria species have equal potential to sequester heavy metals. However, Pseudanabaena sp. is the best phycoremediator agent due to substantial high Bio-concentration factor (BCF) compared to Synechococcus sp. On top of that, a regulatory step for the cyanobacteria cell growth and production mechanism is mediated by pH. Contribution/ Originality:This study is one of the very few studies which have investigated key factors in controlling heavy metal sequestration mechanism by assessing the effects of environmental variables such as pH, the period of time, and type of heavy metals using Synechococcus sp., and Pseudanabaena sp. INTRODUCTIONAnthropogenic pollution of freshwater ecosystems by the addition of heavy metals and nutrients an increasing phenomenon that affects many lakes and rivers worldwide, and threatens the health of animals and human beings via the food chain [1]. Many heavy metals and metalloids are toxic and can cause undesirable effects and severe problems even at very low concentrations [2]. The most severe is that metals cannot be degradable and dangerous because they tend to bioaccumulate in living things and stored faster than they are excreted [3]. Besides, the liquid anthropogenic wastes discharged such as Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Cu ions affect the water quality from various standard
The aim of this article is to explore the problematic challenges and massive opportunities for Halal industries in India. The demand for Halal certified goods is robustly growing, both domestically and internationally in India due to its large domestic population and categorised as the second largest Muslim population nation in the world .In addition to a thorough review of the literatures, four categories of Halal segments were further addressed to explore the problematic challenges and exclusive opportunities in India pertaining to Halal industry. The results obtained from this study has successfully proven that the upcoming market requirements and Halal industry-related valuable opportunities, are the main motivators for India to undertake significant regulatory, trade and industrial support initiatives to strengthen the status as a Halal hub in the Islamic economy's trade-driven business. Early adopters face many obstacles for each of the Halal modules, such as vague Halal guidance and lack of cooperation with leading agencies (i.e., Jabatan Kemajuan Islam Malaysia (JAKIM) and Halal Industry Development Corporation), a lack of cost-effective standards and a general misinterpretation of Halal practices. Furthermore, this study supports administration policy makers’ objective in identifying the issues that should be addressed in prompting industries players to approve Halal systems. This study adds up to the improvement of knowledge on the challenges and opportunities of adopting Halal certificate in India.
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