Several oil palm sustainable certification schemes have been introduced in Malaysia such as MPOB Codes of Good Agricultural Practices (MPOB CoGAP) Certification, Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) certification, and Malaysia Sustainable Palm Oil (MSPO) Certification. All these certifications have been successfully accepted in many of the oil palm estates except the ISH. There is a big challenge to certify the Malaysian ISH because they are lack farm management practice. Therefore, Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB) has introduced the individual sustainable certification to the ISH, which is known as Good Agricultural Practice (GAP) certification. This paper's main objectives are to identify the GAP acceptance level (compliant, partial-compliant, and non-compliant) recommended by MPOB and determine the factors affecting GAP certification acceptance among the ISH in Malaysia. This study was conducted in all states in Malaysia, and the data were collected from a total of 400 respondents selected through the Proportionate Random Sampling Method. The results showed that 58% of the ISH partially comply by receiving the GAP certificate. while only 26% fulfilled the requirements, thus eligible for GAP certification. Two factors that significantly influenced the GAP compliance among the ISH were the respondents' education level and the age of palm oil plantation. The results of this study indicated that GAP on fertiliser application and record-keeping were adopted by the ISH and significantly affecting their compliant level of MPOB GAP Certification among ISH.
In situ immobilization of copper and zinc using alum-treated drinking-water treatment residue (WTR) was selected for the remediation of sewage-sludge-amended soils. The WTR has a pH of 7.07 and, although its acid-neutralizing capacity (ANC) is low, utilization at high rates (>2.5%) can help to increase the pH of the soil system. The minerals present in WTR, such as kaolinite, gibbsite and Fe-oxides, provide surfaces for the adsorption of heavy metals. From the soil-solution study, results showed that application of WTR had reduced Zn concentrations in the soil solutions, as compared to the control treatment. Removal of Zn occurred via precipitation, adsorption and possibly organic-matter complexation or chelation. From the glasshouse study, results showed that by using WTR, Zn uptake by maize can be reduced. Although the decrease in Cu concentrations in the soil-solution study was not apparent, due to the very low concentrations of Cu present, the glasshouse study did indicate a reduction in Cu uptake by the maize plants; suitable rates of WTR application for maize growth should be less than or equal to 10%. In fact, there is an additional benefit of WTR application, whereby the rate of 2.5% can increase the dry weight of the maize plants. Thus, WTR can be recommended as a potential soil amendment to immobilize Zn in contaminated soil.
AbstrakPenglibatan masyarakat dalam organisasi koperasi bukan sahaja dapat membantu mereka untuk mendapat manfaat ekonomi tetapi juga memberi ruang kepada aktiviti sosial yang dijalankan oleh pihak koperasi. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menilai sumbangan sosial yang diberikan oleh Koperasi Penanaman Sawit Mampan terhadap ahli komuniti pekebun kecil sawit. Seramai 46 ahli Koperasi Penanaman Sawit Mampan (KPSM) Saratok telah terlibat sebagai responden dalam kajian ini. Borang soal selidik digunakan sebagai instrumen bagi mendapatkan data kajian dan analisa deskriptif telah dijalankan. Analisa ini merangkumi analisis min, kekerapan, peratusan serta sisihan piawai. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa koperasi KPSM Saratok telah memberi sumbangan sosial terhadap komuniti pekebun kecil sawit dari aspek peningkatan hubungan pekebun kecil sawit (PKS), peningkatan penglibatan komuniti dalam aktiviti sawit, pemantauan aktiviti pertanian komuniti, penyediaan peluang pekerjaan, peningkatan kemahiran dan kemudahan dalam pengurusan aktiviti. AbstractCommunity involvement in cooperative organizations will not only help them to gain economic benefit but also provide space for social activities carried out by the co-operatives. The study aims to assess the social contribution provided by the Sustainable Palm Oil Cooperative (KPSM) to members of the smallholder community. A total of 46 members of KPSM Saratok have been involved as respondents in this study. The questionnaire was used as the instrument for obtaining data which then being descriptively analysed. The analysis included mean analysis, frequency, percentage and standard deviation. The findings show that KPSM Saratok has contribute to the palm oil smallholder community in terms of enhancing the smallholders' relationships, enhancing the community's participation in palm oil activities, monitoring community agricultural activities, providing job opportunities, improving skills, facilities and the management of activities.
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