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Recently, carbonaceous material such as porous carbon, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, graphene oxide (GO) and activated carbon has received tremendous attention from researchers. To date, the exploration of graphene is still in vast. Graphene has been applied in various applications which include polymer composites, energy storage, fuel cell and biomedical applications. This is due to its unique characteristics such as large surface area and high remarkable electronic, mechanical and thermal properties. Even though chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has been established as an effective method to synthesize graphene, but the yield is low and may not compatible in certain applications. In addition, the chemical process of the production of graphene from exfoliation of graphite oxide involves hazardous and toxic reagents. Currently, bio-waste materials have been a great source for production of carbon. Furthermore, bio-waste materials are abundant and proper disposal method is needed. Hence, preparation of graphene from waste and biomass precursors is a new alternative to overcome the afore mentioned problem. Therefore, this paper will be focused on the method of synthesizing graphene from glucose, rice husk, chitosan, corn stalk core and plastic waste. The application of graphene derived from each bioprecursor for dye removal, adsorption of toxic and heavy metals, gas storage and supercapacitors will also be reviewed.

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This paper proposes an improve nanohybrid composites of Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8 (ZIF-8)/Rice husk Derived Graphene (GRHA). The main goal of this work is to prepare the nanohybrid composites with high surface area and enhanced porosity. The composite is prepared via aqueous room temperature method which is simple and fast. Based on Fourier transform Infrared (FTIR) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis, it shows that the produced ZIF- 8 is in sodalite (SOD) structure while GRHA is in amorphous due to the presence of multilayer graphene. Raman analysis shows that the prepared GRHA has a high degree of graphitization. The BET specific surface area (BETSSA) is found to increase up to three times higher (1632.10 m2/g) as compared to pristine GRHA (518.11 m2/g) and ZIF-8 (687.32 m2/g) respectively. Therefore, it is envisaged that this composite can be very useful for hydrogen storage.

Carbonaceous materials like porous carbon, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, graphene oxide (GO), and activated carbon (AC) have received significant attention recently due to its diversity of potential applications. Among them,