This study is carried out due to the differences in the pronunciation of song lyrics between dangdut and pop singers. For example, dangdut singers pronounce the word /cinta/ in "Saat Terakhir" by ST12 as [cInta], while pop singers pronounce it as [c h Inc h a]. The data were from "Saat Terakhir" by ST12 sung by Charly Van Houten and Lesti Kejora as they have a quite similar voice color. This study focuses on the acoustic-phonetic differences of the two singers including (a) duration, (b) frequency or pitch, and (3) intensity or voice. The data were obtained through downloading the song and analyzed using acoustic-phonetic theory with the help of the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) for phonetic transcription and Praat software for acoustic-phonetic analysis. The results indicate that in terms of pronunciation, the pop singer adds aspirated sounds of [ h ] to phonemes of /c/, /t/, and /d/ and pronounce the sound /t/ to [c h ] and [t h ], while the Dangdut singer tends to pronounce them in accordance with the rules of the language. The Dangdut singer tend to sing longer than pop singers with a duration of 42.067394 microseconds. Further, the Dangdut singer has a higher tone frequency than the pop singer of 533.2434584525848 Hz. Meanwhile, the pop singer has a higher voice loudness than the Dangdut singer with a scale of 86.16124255533789 dB.
Indonesian and Malaysian are languages that are often debated because they have similarities and similarities. This happens because Indonesian and Malaysian are rooted in Malay. Problems related to Indonesian and Malaysians are interesting to study. The topic discussed in this study is the use of Indonesian and Malaysian personal pronouns. The main objective of this study is to compare the use of Indonesian and Malaysian personal pronouns from a semantic point of view. That is, the authors compare them in terms of lexical meaning. This is because the root of a vocabulary is the meaning of the dictionary. In this study, the type of qualitative method with a descriptive approach was chosen as the data analysis method.. The data collected is in the form of first, second, and third personal pronoun vocabulary. The data sources for this study are Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia and Kamus Dewan Bahasa Malaysia. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the use of Indonesian and Malaysian pronouns had differences and similarities. The difference can be seen from the number of meanings. In Indonesian, there are as many as 15 meanings, while in Malaysia there are as many as 20 meanings. The similarities can be seen in each personal pronoun.
This study aims to improve the quality of the process and student learning outcomes, especially the ability to understand and write negotiating texts of the students of SMA Negeri 1 Galur Kulon Progo through genre-based learning models. This study is a classroom action research (CAR) which was conducted in two cycles. The research was conducted at SMA Negeri 1 Galur Kulon Progo through four stages, namely; planning, implementation, observation, and reflection on actions in each cycle. The research subjects were grade X D students of SMA 1 Galur Kulon Progo in the academic year 2017/2018. The data were obtained from the learning process, the ability to understand the negotiating text, and the students' ability to write negotiating text, and the ability to write student negotiating texts. The data collection was through observation and tests, using the instruments including observation sheet and test questions. The data quantitative and qualitative in nature. The quantitative data were the test results of the test in comprehending and writing negotiating texts. The qualitative data were obtained from the results of observations in the field. The data analysis techniques used were the qualitative descriptive analysis techniques. The qquantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques from the excell program. The qqualitative data were analyzed using inductive analysis techniques with steps including organization, description, and interpretation of data. The results of this study indicate that with genre-based teaching models could improve three things. First, it improved the learning process. The results of the action in cycle 1 showed that active participation of students in learning was 70% and in cycle 2 it improved to 90%. Second, it improved the ability to understand the negotiating text. In cycle 1, the percentage of achievement in completing the test ability to understand the negotiating text was 65% and in cycle 2 it was 85%. Third, it improved the ability to write negotiating texts. In the first cycle the percentage of achievement in completing the test of negotiating text writing skills was 70% and in the second cycle was 90%.
The study aims to examines the equality of men and women and the differences in perceptions of men's metaphor that contained in the Arok Dedes novel. A total of 132 data were used to describe the lingual form of the men's metaphor, the metaphorical meaning of men's metaphor and the image schema of men's metaphor in Arok Dedes novel. This study used a qualitative descriptive method using a cognitive semantics theory. The findings in the first analysis of lingual form showed that there are 23 idiomatic phrases, 80 non-idiomatic phrases, 22 predicative clauses, and 7 non-predicative clauses. The concept of metaphorical meanings that formed are state, action, causation, purpose, time, change, and means. There are 56 metaphors with negative meanings, 37 metaphors with neutral meanings, and 39 metaphors with positive meanings. Thus, it can be concluded that this study shows the basic concepts of men in this novel are almost always considered superior and more highlighted than women. Based on the findings, this research can also expand reader's knowledge about concepts of men and the equality of men and women.
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