This research focuses on evaluating how strongly common capital structure determinants have an explanatory power on the Portuguese banking financial leverage. It also assesses the impact of financial crisis on the banks' leverage ratios, and its adjustments with capital regulatory requirements. A set of banks selected correspond to the group of financial entities that form the Portuguese Bank Association and that have continually operated as a unique entity over the period 2009-2018. A panel data analysis, based on a fixed effects approach, was used to assess the relationship between financial leverage and the set of selected explanatory variables. The results evidences that there is a significant impact of regulatory capital, the global financial crisis and the eurozone crisis on the leverage levels of the Portuguese banks. Over the period under analysis, regulatory capital, as well as the economic effects of the financial crisis, strongly impacted on the leverage ratios, affecting the capital structure of Portuguese banks. This research provides key outcomes about the impact of structural capital drivers on the Portuguese leverage ratios and the corresponding levels before and after the economic financial crisis. It confirms that a bank may be undercapitalized even when it holds capital above regulatory requirements.
Resumo-O Quinto Império é um jogo single-player de ação e aventura em 2D. Centrado em torno de uma adaptação do mito Quinto Império (o sonho de Nabucodonosor e sua interpretação pelo profeta Daniel) [1], constitui uma alegoria épica da condição humana, tendo como pano de fundo uma reinterpretação da história Europeia e Portuguesa. Este trabalho ainda em curso, tem como objetivo principal a criação de um jogo de entretenimento atraente, mas também fortemente enriquecido com propósitos educacionais, uma vez que todo jogo tem um cenário histórico real. Além disso, através do entretenimento o jogo deve fomentar a curiosidade sobre a história Portuguesa e motivar um estudo mais aprofundado pelo seu público-alvo.
Nowadays it is possible to verify that there is a change in the way of buying, that is, the traditional means of shopping is increasingly giving way to the electronic medium and, consequently, electronic payment means.The Internet, by making it possible to purchase and pay online, through means such as PayPal, Credit Cards, PaySafeCard, among others, has contributed to greater convenience, speed and efficiency, making the daily life of the population easier. This phenomenon gives rise to a new generation of consumers, the online consumers [1].Therefore, the objective of this research was to understand which means of online payments are most used by consumers. As a way of responding to this objective, a quantitative methodology was used, in which an online questionnaire was created to collect data Some results corroborate with the literature, but others contradict it, especially regarding the age range of online consumers.
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