Based on morphometric, morphological and molecular characterization using partial small subunit 18S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and the D2/D3 domain of large subunit 28S rDNA, we described a new species Mononchoides kanzakii collected from manure, and the known species Mononchoides composticola Steel, Moens, Scholaert, Boshoff, Houthoofd and Bert, 2011, isolated from the dung beetle Oniticellus cinctus (Fabricius, 1775). Phylogenetic trees based on the evolutionary model (GTR + I + G) were inferred by Bayesian inference algorithms. Mononchoides kanzakii sp. n. is characterized by 28–32 longitudinal ridges, discontinuous at level of stoma; amphidial apertures inconspicuous; metastegostom armed with thorn-shaped dorsal tooth; a flattened, claw-like right subventral tooth, and left subventral denticulate ridge with 12–14 fine denticles delimited by a group of five denticles in females vs. triangular, flattened right subventral tooth, 5–8 prominent denticles at left subventral sector in males; cloacal lips with a distinct rim; and gubernaculum with cuticularized, proximal and distal extensions of equal length, each constituting half of the length of the wider part of gubernaculum.
This paper provides a detailed description of a new species of genus Aspidonema isolated from mint leaf beetles (Chrysolina herbacea), and is the first report of a bunonematid nematode from beetles in India. Aspidonema kashmirensis sp. nov. is characterised by females having small, asymmetrical body (L = 224–337µm, a = 13.1–20.3, b = 3.2–4.2, c = 7.2–10.7, c′ = 4.0–5.7, V = 53.3–60.0), with the right side body cuticle ornamented with shields, warts and networks while the left side is provided with five longitudinal ridges. The shields are transversely-ovoid, having strongly sclerotized borders and a pair of elliptical slits for the underlying warts. Fine pores observed under SEM are present on the surface of the shields. Males have a bifid tail; long, thin, free spicules, distally hooked gubernaculum; asymmetrical, leptoderan bursa and eight pairs of genital papillae.
Bifenthrin is used as insecticide in agriculture. Present manuscript deals with the poisonous outcome of bifenthrin on histology of kidney of fish Cyprinus carpio. Freshwater fish Cyprinus carpio was used in this experimental study. An aggregate of 30 fish were arbitrarily separated into 3 gatherings A, B and C. Group A was kept as control while Group B and C were treated as exploratory. All fish were kept into glass aquaria at room temperature. During experiment, group A (control) was kept in normal water while bifenthrin was added in water of experimental groups B & C. The water of all groups was changed on daily basis. Kidney sampleswere collected after 48 & 96 hours exposure and processed for histopathological study. Behavioural pattern and histopathological changes of kidney of Cyprinus carpio were noted. Major changes, for example, Glomerular constriction, extreme degeneration of the tubules, hypertrophy, necrosis and pyknosis were observe under the microscope. Thus, bifenthrin as pesticide should beused carefully to protect the health of aquatic food animals.
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