Genes with similar expression profiles are expected to be functionally related or co-regulated. In this direction, clustering microarray time-series data via pairwise alignment of piece-wise linear profiles has been recently introduced. We propose a k-means clustering approach based on a multiple alignment of natural cubic spline representations of gene expression profiles. The multiple alignment is achieved by minimizing the sum of integrated squared errors over a time-interval, defined on a set of profiles. Preliminary experiments on a well-known data set of 221 pre-clustered Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene expression profiles yields excellent results with 79.64% accuracy.
We introduce pairwise gene expression profile alignment, which vertically shifts two profiles in such a way that the area between their corresponding curves is minimal. Based on the pairwise alignment operation, we define a new distance function that is appropriate for time-series profiles. We also introduce a new clustering method that involves multiple expression profile alignment, which generalizes pairwise alignment to a set of profiles. Extensive experiments on well-known datasets yield encouraging results of at least 80% classification accuracy.
The emerging growth and evolution of web based systems and services make the job of audit professionals a complicated and time-consuming one for many enterprises. In this context, continuous process auditing (CPA) systems in the form of audit-as-a-service (AaaS) emerges as an inexpensive and effective approach. A CPA system helps to satisfy process auditing needs and recommendations in the context of distributed enterprise systems while requiring fewer resources and enabling processes to be audited continuously in real-time. We present a conceptual system architecture for Continuous Process Auditing (CPA) based on domain ontologies, audit rules, knowledge learning techniques and audit report recommendation procedures. This approach provides a representation of a CPA system for a process based e-commerce platform, offering customizable audit rule based solutions for audit professionals, system administrators and senior decision makers.
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