Abstract:The objective of this research was to extract phenolic compounds from Makiang (Cleistocalyx nervosum) seeds waste obtained from the elaboration of makiang beverages using the microwave assisted extraction method. The optimal conditions of microwave assisted extraction of total phenolics from makiang seeds were determined using response surface method. The variables of microwave power, extraction time and ethanol proportion on effect of total phenolic were designed the experiment by Box Behnken design. The estimation of the mathematical model indicated that the second-order polynomial model was appropriate to determine optimal conditions of microwave assisted extraction of total phenolics from makiang seeds. The highest yield of total phenolic from makiang seed and antioxidant activity were obtained when the extraction process was set at a microwave power, 450 W, an extraction time of 213 second and an ethanol proportion of 51%(v/v). Under these optimal conditions, the predicted and experimental values of total phenolic from makiang seeds were the 75.659 mgGAE/gDW and 75.132±0.576 mgGAE/gDW, respectively. The research showed that total phenolics from makiang seeds by microwave assisted extraction have the high efficiency in terms of high yield and antioxidant activity within short time extraction which can apply to use in cosmetic product, health food and pharmaceutical industry.
Abstract. This research was aimed to study drying kinetics and determine empirical model of fresh pineapple and pre-treated pineapple with sucrose solution at different concentrations during drying. 3 mm thick samples were immersed into 30, 40 and 50 Brix of sucrose solution before hot air drying at temperatures of 60, 70 and 80°C. The empirical models to predict the drying kinetics were investigated. The results showed that the moisture content decreased when increasing the drying temperatures and times. Increase in sucrose concentration led to longer drying time. According to the statistical values of the highest coefficients (R 2 ), the lowest least of chi-square (χ 2 ) and root mean square error (RMSE), Logarithmic model was the best models for describing the drying behavior of soaked samples into 30, 40 and 50 Brix of sucrose solution.
Sugarcane bagasse is a low-cost and abundant of bio-resources in sugar mill industry. The cellulose of bagasse can be converted into reducing sugar that has been applied in food and biological process. Statistically based Box-Behken Design (BBD) was selected for the optimization of reducing sugar production from acid hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse. Concentration of H 2 SO 4 , hydrolysis time, and the ratio of raw material to solvent were identified for significant effects on reducing sugar production. Response surface method by BBD was employed to develop a mathematical model for predicting the optimal condition of acid hydrolysis process. The value of R 2 (0.981) for the presented mathematical model indicates the high correlation between experimental and predicted values. The optimization of concentration of H 2 SO 4 , hydrolysis time, and ratio of raw material to solvent are 27.697 %w/v, 160 min, and 1:29.827 g/ml respectively, which under this condition, it could produced 14.808% of reducing sugar from sugarcane bagasse. Index Terms-sugarcane bagasse, reducing sugar, acid hydrolysis, Box-Behnken design.
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