The study sought the opinions of Faculty of Education Students of University of Uyo on the behavioural problems of juvenile street hawkers in Uyo metropolis. Five research hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. This cross-sectional survey employed multi-stage random sampling technique in selecting 200 regular undergraduate students in the Education Faculty of the University of Uyo for the study. The Juvenile Street Hawkers Opinioniare (JUVSHO) developed by the researchers was used in data collection. The hypotheses were tested using chi square statistic at p≤.05 level of significance and appropriate degrees of freedom. Results indicate that juvenile street hawkers develop maladjusted patterns of behaviour, which in turn impair their academic, moral, social, physical, and psychological growth and development thus affecting their future negatively. Based on these findings, it was recommended that government should provide free basic education, improve workers remuneration, provide academic grants and aids to economically disadvantaged parents, and create jobs for unemployed parents, inter alia, in order to keep children from hawking under the guise of subsisting family income at the expense of their total development. Also, the implications of these findings for counselling psychologists in the school system were given.
This study sought to establish the construct validity for an instrument for measuring anxiety. The researchers used a four-point questionnaire and a seven-point Osgood semantic differential scale on depression to ascertain the convergent validity while two instruments measuring aggression were employed to establish the divergent trait with anxiety using multitrait-multimethod matrix. The face validity was carried out by experts in Educational Measurement and Evaluation. Cronbach Alpha reliability estimates for internal consistency of the items yielded 0.76, 0.98 for anxiety measures; 0.74, 0.85 for depression measures and 0.63, 0.79 for aggression measures respectively. The PPMC coefficient was used to test the hypotheses. Samples of thirty Senior Secondary III students of University of Nigeria Demonstration Secondary School were purposively selected for the study. The results demonstrated moderate convergence (r = 0.20, 0.49, 0.39 for measures of anxiety, depression and aggression respectively) between two different methods of the same trait. Measures assessing anxiety and depression could be distinguished from measures assessing aggression. In conclusion the rejection of the first hypothesis and the retention of the second and third hypotheses based on the correlation confirm the convergent and divergent validities of the instruments; therefore, the instruments for measuring anxiety were deemed valid and reliable.Keywords: Multitrait-multimethod Matrix, Anxiety, Depression, Aggression, Anxiety Measures, Construct Validity Introduction A construct is a psychological trait, attribute or characteristic that is not directly observable. Constructs are assessed in psychology in order to furnish data that could explain some covert behaviour. Examples of psychological constructs include anxiety, depression, aggression, honesty, aptitude, interest, extraversion, introversion, self-control, friendliness, impulsivity etc. These psychological constructs are useful in explaining differences in behaviour among people. Assessment of these constructs requires the use of sound instruments, instruments with unquestionable psychometric properties-if the results obtained from such assessments are to be interpreted and upheld as a true reflection of the construct in question. This brings to bear the need for construct validation.
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