Background: Proximal femoral focal deficiency is an extremely rare congenital anomaly with an incidence of 1.1-2.0 in 100,000 live births. It is a dysplastic phenomenon with predilections for the proximal two-thirds of the femur leading to limb length discrepancies. We report two cases of proximal femoral focal deficiency, which is a rare entity. Case presentations: Case 1 A 4.5-month-old baby Annang tribe girl was referred in April 2019 to our Radiology Department, University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Nigeria for lower limb radiographs. This was on account of her shortened left lower limb from birth despite uneventful antenatal history. An examination revealed bulky left thigh with abduction of her left hip joint. Radiographic evaluations showed absent left femoral capital epiphysis, with deficient proximal left femur. A diagnosis of proximal femoral focal deficiency was made. Sadly, the parents and baby failed to honor future orthopedic consultations on intimation of sequential management protocols. Case 2 A 4-month-old baby Ibibio tribe girl was similarly referred in August 2019 to the same Radiology Department for lower limb conventional radiographs due to short left lower limb that was noticed from birth. An examination showed shortened left lower limb in external rotation. Her right and left lower limbs measured 27 cm and 23 cm, respectively, with landmark taken from anterior superior iliac spine to tip of medial malleolus. A diagnosis of proximal femoral focal deficiency was made. Corroborating radiographs showed shortened and hypoplastic left femoral shaft but preserved femoral capital epiphysis. Coincidentally, the parents have not brought back their baby to our orthopedic clinic. Conclusions: The discovery of two cases of proximal femoral focal deficiency, a rare entity, from referrals for conventional radiography in our Radiology Department encourages literature documentation. Such recognition will facilitate early institution of management, thus ensuring meaningful childhood growth.

To evaluate the usefulness of simple screening tests such as urinalysis and blood pressure measurement in the early detection of renal disorders in pre-School children, we used a multi-staged random sampling method to select subjects from registered nursery schools within Enugu metropolis in south-east Nigeria. We selected 630 children for this cohort study. There was a prevalence of 2.7%, 0% and 1.9% for asymptomatic proteinuria, hematuria and hypertension, respectively. There was no age, gender or social class preponderance (P = 0.44). Hypertension seemed to be limited to children close to the age group of five years (P <0.001). No correlations could be documented between asymptomatic proteinuria, hematuria or hypertension. The prevalence of persistent proteinuria was found to be 1.6% and the mean urinary protein excretion estimation (spot urine protein/creatinine) was 1.88 g/mg ± 0.53, with a mean glomerular filtration rate of 78.7 ± 12.6 mL/min/1.73 m³ . Renal ultrasonography revealed abnormal findings in 30% of the children with persistent proteinuria. Asymptomatic persistent proteinuria with or without hematuria and hypertension could be a presumptive evidence of an underlying renal parenchymal disease and should be properly investigated and followed-up.

Background & Objectives: Estimation of fetal maturity is common in obstetric practice especially when the women do not keep accurate menstrual records. An accurate establishment of expected date of delivery is fundamental to the management of both high risk and normal pregnancies. The objective of this study was to determine the placental diameter (PD), placental thickness (PT) and to establish a correlation between PD, PT and gestational age. Methods: This is an observational cross-sectional study that examines by means of ultrasonography the correlation between placental diameter and thickness with gestational age in Enugu, South East, Nigeria. Results: A total of 400 healthy subjects were recruited in 3rd trimester of pregnancy having fulfilled the inclusion criteria. PD and PT in this study did not correlate with parity. There is a linear increase of gestational age and placental thickness and diameter. These increases heighten between 38th week gestation and 40 weeks’ gestation. 205.0±1.4, 43.00±0.0 to 215.0±1.4, 46.00±2.8 respectively. Conclusion: Placental thickness and Placental diameter can be used to predict gestational age. It is therefore advised to use PT & PD in ultrasound obstetric assessment especially when Last menstrual period (LMP) is not clear. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.5.1938 How to cite this:Njeze NR, Ogbochukwu JO, Chinawa JM. Correlation of ultrasound placental diameter & thickness with gestational age. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.5.1938 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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