Exposed to the mystery of his father’s suspicious death, young Hamlet followed the riddle of solving it in the longest tragedy of Shakespeare. By suspension and the lengthy nature of detective works, Shakespeare seems to have initiated a new subgenre in drama which may have later on been converted into an independent subgenre in the novel by Edgar Allan Poe, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, and Agatha Christie through their imaginative characters, Auguste Dupin, Sherlock Holmes and the pair of Hercules Poirot with Miss Marple respectively. Fyodor Dostoevsky may have also spread the net of Hamletian subtext in his Crime and Punishment. Plotting a perfect crime by the murderers and the public approval of the plan, on one hand, and the inconvincible mind of the hero which ultimately undo the seemingly unsolvable puzzle, on the other, construct the very core of all aforementioned works of Shakespeare, Poe, and Doyle. The unanticipated and unpredicted findings of either Holmes or Hamlet defeat the expectations of the audience and bring the runaway justice back to her groom.
“For masterpieces are not single and solitary births; they are the outcome of many years of thinking in common, of thinking by the body of the people, so that the experience of the mass is behind the single voice…”. Woolf’s belief has been put to the test in the Bloomsbury Group and this paper intends to investigate the validity of her claim through a critical analysis of the selected works of its novelist members. In a central part of London during the first half of the twentieth century a group of intellectual and literary writers, artists, critics and an economist came together which later on was labeled as Bloomsbury group. The group’s members had an influential role in blooming novel in a different form of expression and profoundly affect its literary figures, Virginia Woolf and E.M. Forster, in the composition of their fictions The Waves, A Room of One’s Own, To the Lighthouse and Forster’s A Room with a view and Howards End. The formation of Bloomsbury circle acted as a bridge from the Victorian bigotries and narrow-mindedness to the unbounded era of modernism as they searched for universal peace, individual liberalism and human accomplishments due to ideal social norms. They freely exchanged their views on variety of subjects without any limitation. The reasons behind their popularity compared to several contemporary groups were their innumerable works, the clarification of their lives through their diaries, biographies and autobiographies and their diverse kinds of activities such as criticism, painting, politics and literary writings. They were adherents of truth, goodness, enjoyment of beautiful object, intrinsic values, aesthetics, friendship and personal relationship. Intellectual intimacy and cooperation can be considered as the main attribute of its members as they collaborate with each other and employ the fundamental tenets of the group within their works. The modern style of its artists as post-impressionist highly affects the narration technique of its literary figures. These novelists tried to narrate the verbal utterances in a visual way as if the whole of the story is depicted on a canvas. Furthermore, this paper tries to discover the role of the non-literary (painters and critics) members of the group in blooming and forming of a different and novel kind of narration technique, namely ‘stream of consciousness’, through the visual impact of the painter and the discussion method of critic members of the group.
A childhood of neglect, an early career spent in a dependent position at Moor Park (Temple's house), a life of suspense and disillusionment at court,…" David Nokes, a biographer of Swift. Swift's acquaintance with Temple sharpened his literary imagination even though there had been many debates on Swift's position in Temple's household. His publication of Temple's writings drew Swift towards literature and literary production rather than politics and political affairs. Had it not been for his being attracted to writing through Temple's works in his youth and his literary circle in his maturity, Swift seemed to have a great tendency to be either a mere political writer or a sole church member. However, politics and religious issues never disappeared from his literary career and Swift never vanished wholly from political and religious arena. Politics is believed to have had most of his literary imagination under its control and Swift sometimes let his political thoughts be at liberty which he had kept forcibly in balance with literature during his literary life. For several times, politics defeated poetry in the internal struggle in Swift's personality the outcomes of which were his Examiner, pamphlets of Swift and Steele, A Modest Proposal and finally Drapier but each time Swift's artistic handling of the situation made posterity to think of him as a writer rather than a politician. For David Nokes "His most successful political writings are not his histories, in which he tries to unravel the skein of state events with the authority of an insider, but his satires, which demonstrate that ministers of state are merely footmen on stilts."
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