Sistem penyelesaian sengketa World Trade Organization (WTO) menjadi sangat penting jika menyangkut right to access to justice dalam perdagangan internasional. Sebagai bagian dari sistem penyelesaian sengketa WTO, Appellate Body (AB) turut berperan dalam pemenuhan right to access to justice bagi negara-negara anggota WTO. Keberadaan AB telah menjamin dan memperkuat konsistensi serta kepastian terhadap penafsiran aturan perdagangan internasional. Namun, peran AB tersebut terancam karena Amerika Serikat. Sejak tahun 2017, Amerika Serikat telah memblokir proses penunjukkan dan penunjukkan kembali anggota AB. Per 11 Desember 2019, AB tidak dapat melakukan peninjauan banding karena kurangnya kuorum divisi. Berdasarkan aspek prosedural, institusi penyelesaian sengketa harus dapat berfungsi agar mampu memenuhi right to access to justice. Pemblokiran yang dilakukan oleh Amerika Serikat telah menciderai pemenuhan right to access to justice negara-negara anggota WTO.
This article discusses about the process of designing video-based etude vocalizing technique for junior high school students as an interactive supporting learning media. The research is aimed to provide a recommendation for alternative learning media concerning etude in vocalizing through interactive video, because in online learning era, it is considered quite helpful for junior high school students in general because the flexibility and interactive ability of this video media to combine texts, images, music, voices, and animation. The steps for this research included (1) Gathering materials; (2) Creating etude; (3) Planning Concepts and Product Designs; and (4) Product Making. The result of this article is an interactive video of compilation of etude vocalizing, which is expected to be a recommendation alternative media in learning. So it is hoped that this interactive video learning media can help teachers in presenting an interesting new alternative and can also help students understand and accept the music learning process. This media is intended for junior high school students in general who want to practice vocals but are less able to master vocalizing techniques as textually (etude) or practice (technique).
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