In this work, manganese‐doped carbon quantum dots (Mn‐CQDs) have been synthesized through a one‐pot hydrothermal method by using waste green tea. The Mn2+ dopants were introduced to impart magnetic resonance capability. Upon optimization of the experimental conditions, magnetofluorescent Mn‐CQDs exhibit an excitation‐dependent blue emission. The abundant functional groups on Mn‐CQDs not only promote water solubility but also allow straightforward functionalization with amine groups. The amine‐terminated Mn‐CQDs were then subsequently conjugated to folic acid (FA) and chlorin e6 (Ce6) to obtain the Mn‐CQDs@FA/Ce6 magnetofluorescent photodynamic therapy (PDT) agent. in vitro studies using three different cells indicated specific targeting of Mn‐CQDs@FA/Ce6 to the overexpressing folate receptor human epithelial carcinoma cell line (HeLa) cancer cells. Furthermore, Mn‐CQDs@FA/Ce6 enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal with an r2/r1 ratio of 5.77. Favorably, by using the Mn‐CQDs@FA delivery system, active Ce6 can reach the cellular interior while its red fluorescence (FL) and reactive oxygen species generation can be retained, as has been verified by confocal microscopy. in vitro cell viability studies verified the biocompatibility of Mn‐CQDs@FA/Ce6 nanohybrid with no significant toxicity up to 500 ppm while PDT treatment with 5 min irradiation (671 nm, 1 W cm−2) was effective in killing >90% of cells. The light‐triggered Mn‐CQDs@FA/Ce6 multifunctional hybrid can serve as a dual‐modal FL/MRI probe and as an efficient PDT agent to detect and eradicate cancer cells remotely.
The research aims is to develop biology teaching material integrated religious value on vertebrate subject which fulfill feasibility, readability and effectiveness.The design of the research use Fenrich Instructional Development Cycle Model contains six phase; planning, design, development, implementation, analysis, evaluation, and revision. On this development, the assessment was done by 2 biology lecturers, Islamic lecturer, and biology teacher. The objects of the study are 30 students of X SMA Amanatul Ummah Surabaya. The analysis result and discussion show the average score of feasibility counted by the 2 biology lectures, Islamic lecturer, and biology teacher toward the developed-handbook is 93,1% on the contains goodness, 95,8% on language goodness, and 85,1% on serving goodness component. The students give positive response toward the teaching material that has been developed. This teaching material have low degree or difficulty by 11,1%. The average percentage of readability is 95%. Reliability of teaching plan effectiveness is 98,51%.Based on analysis result, the conclusion is biology teaching material integrated religious value on vertebrate subject which fulfill feasibility, readability and effectiveness. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan bahan ajar biologi terintegrasi imtaq pada materi vertebrata yang memenuhi kelayakan, keterbacaan, dan keterlaksanaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan Model Siklus Pengembangan Instruksional Fenrich yang meliputi enam fase yaitu fase perencanaan, perancangan, pengembangan, implementasi, analisis, evaluasi dan revisi. Pada tahap pengembangan, dilakukan penilaian oleh 2 orang dosen biologi, dosen agama, dan guru biologi. Pengambilan data dilakukan kepada 30 siswa kelas X SMA Amanatul Ummah Surabaya. Hasil analisis dan pembahasan menunjukkan nilai rata-rata hasil telaah dua dosen biologi, dosen agama, dan guru biologi terhadap bahan ajar yang dikembangkan adalah sebesar 93,1% pada kelayakan isi, 95,8% pada kelayakan kebahasaan, dan 85,1% pada komponen kelayakan penyajian. Bahan ajar yang dikembangkan memiliki tingkat kesulitan yang sangat rendah yaitu sebesar 11,1%. Nilai rata-rata persentase tingkat keterbacaan bahan ajar adalah 95%. Reliabilitas instrumen keterlaksanaan RPP adalah 98,51%. Siswa merespon positif terhadap buku ajar yang dikembangkan.Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, dapat disimpulkan bahwa bahan ajar biologi terintegrasi imtaq pada materi vertebrata memenuhi kelayakan, keterbacaan, dan keterlaksanaan.
In this work, manganese (Mn)-doped CuInSe quantum dots (QDs) with a ZnS passivation layer (MnCuInSe/ZnS) have been synthesized via a one-pot microwave-assisted hydrothermal reaction using glutathione (GSH) as a stabilizer. The MnCuInSe/ZnS core-shell QDs combine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), excitation-dependent red emission, and reactive oxygen radical generation functions, in which regulation of Mn2+ incorporation leads to synergistic imaging and therapeutic modalities. The MnCuInSe/ZnS QDs exhibit high colloidal and photochemical stability in simulated media and at different pH values. An r2/r1 ratio of 9.99 was calculated from MRI studies suggesting their potential application as dual-modal imaging agents. Based on in vitro tests on Hela, B16, and HepG2 cell lines, it is apparent that MnCuInSe/ZnS QDs impose no significant cytotoxicity in the dark, while they can efficiently generate singlet oxygen radicals for photodynamic therapy of cancers, killing more than 80% of B16 cells within 5 min of laser irradiation (671 nm, 1 W cm−2). Furthermore, in vitro fluorescence imaging and cellular internalization of QDs are examined to visualize cellular uptake and in situ ROS generation. Therefore, this research exemplifies a new set of multifunctional chalcogenide QDs for theranostic applications.
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