Crystallization of struvite [MgNH4PO4.6H2O] may lead to the deposition of scale which may create significant problems in the process pipes, pumps and other industrial equipment. However, struvite precipitation can be benefited for phosphate recovery for use of fertilizer. The aim at the present work was to investigate calcium additive on struvite precipitation. The experiment was carried out in a batch mode using a 1-liter Pyrex glass vessel mechanically agitated for 200 rpm. The scale-forming solution was prepared for mixing solutions to MgCl2 and NH4H2PO4 with Mg +2 , NH4 + and PO4 -3 in a molar ratio of 1: 1:1. The crystallization temperature of 30 and 40 O C was selected. Ca was added into the crystallizing solution to chloride dihydrate 0.4M (CaCl2•2H2O). Then each solution was pH adjusted to 9 by addition of KOH. The crystals obtained were characterized using SEM for morphology, EDS for elemental analysis as well as XRPD Rietveld analysis for crystaline phases. The induction periods varied from 10 to 90 min, which means that the struvite crystals began forming 10 to 90 min after mixing of the solution. It was observed that the Ca additive may inhibit the struvite crystallization. SEM analysis revealed that the struvite crystals obtained were predominantly of irregular prismatic morphology. Furthermore, the EDS pattern revealed that the elemental composition of the crystals consisted of Ca, Cl, S Mg, N, and P, providing that many crystalline phase found in the crystals such as Gypsum, CaCl2, struvite, struvite-(K) and sylvite. It was observed that the Ca additive appeared to inhibit the struvite crystallization.
Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat teknologi biogas dari kotoran sapi merupakan salah satu solusi untuk mengatasi kesulitan masyarakat akibat kenaikan harga Bahan Bakar Minyak (BBM) dan bertujuan untuk mengatasi masalah limbah kotoran sapi yang belum digunakan oleh petani sebagai energi biogas. Biogas adalah gas yang dihasilkan dari proses fermentasi anaerobic dari berbagai sampah organik menjadi energi. Energi yang dihasilkan dapat digunakan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan bahan bakar sehari-hari, sehingga tidak lagi menggunakan minyak tanah untuk memasak. Daerah pedesaan di kabupaten Sampang merupakan daerah dengan mata pencaharian bertani dan peternak. Hampir semua petani di desa Panyepen memiliki setidaknya 3-4 sapi, tapi hampir 100% tidak menyadari penggunaan kotoran sapi menjadi biogas. Metode yang digunakan adalah pelatihan, demonstrasi instalasi biogas sederhana, dan pendampingan produksi biogas. Kegiatan ini diikuti oleh peternak/petani di desa Panyepen kecamatan Jrengik kabupaten Sampang. Penyuluhan dan praktek dilakukan di rumah petani. Hasil dalam implementasi sederhana dari produksi biogas dari kotoran sapi menunjukkan bahwa gas yang terbentuk ditandai dengan kehadiran plastik gelembung gas. Gas yang dihasilkan pada hari ke-6 setelah pengisian kotoran sapi, dan maksimum dicapai pada hari ke-10. Untuk keberlanjutan gas sebagai bahan bakar, setiap satu sampai dua hari perlu pengisian kotoran sapi sekitar 100 kg (campuran kotoran sapi dan air 1:1). Biogas telah berhasil digunakan oleh petani untuk memasak air dan membuat masakan untuk kebutuhan sehari-hari dan slurry (limbah biogas) sebagai pupuk organik.
Biogas is a renewable fuel that produced through a process of anaerobic fermentation of a mixture of cow dung and water. The process of formation of methane gas occurs in a digester reactor with a capacity of 3500 kg/batch during a certain fermentation time with the help of anaerobic bacteria. This research studied effect of the comparison of cow dung and water as well as the number of microbes added. The process of formation of biogas run at varying of cow dung with water and microbes added. Fermentation process was running 16 days by varying the variables. Furthermore, every four days observed, and recorded pressure in the digester, biogas product was analyzed its content of methane gas were formed. Relatively good results were taken on cow dung and water ratio of 1: 1 with the addition of microbes as much as 50 ppm with a time of fermentation for 12 (twelve) days produce biogas of 5.1 m 3/batch with contents of methane about 74 %, carbon dioxide 19 %, and residual gas of 7 %.
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