Watermarking is a copyright protection technique, while cryptography is a message encoding technique. Imperceptibility, robustness, and safety are aspects that are often investigated in watermarking. Cryptography can be implemented to increase watermark security. Beaufort cipher is the algorithm proposed in this research to encrypt watermark. The new idea proposed in this research is the utilization of Beaufort key for watermark encryption process as well as for spread watermark when inserted as PN Sequence substitute with the aim to improve imperceptibility and security aspects. Where PN Sequence is widely used in spread spectrum watermarking technique. Based on the experimental results and testing of the proposed method proved that imperceptibility and watermark security are increased. Improved imperceptibility measured by PSNR rose by about 5dB and so did the MSE score better. Robustness aspect is also maintained which has been proven by the excellent value of NCC.
The ability to identify the entrepreneurial potential of students enables higher education institutions to contribute to the economic and social development of a country. Current research trends regarding the detection of student entrepreneurial potential have the greatest challenge in the unequal ratio of datasets. This study proposes a rule-generation model in an imbalanced situation to classify student entrepreneurship based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). The result is a ruleset that is used for the early detection of student entrepreneurial potential. The proposed method consists of three main stages, namely preprocessing data to classify data based on TPB variables, generating a dataset by clustering and selecting attributes by sampling to balance the data, and finally generating a ruleset. Furthermore, the results of the detecting ruleset have been evaluated with actual data from the student tracer study as ground truth. The evaluation results show high accuracy so that the ruleset can be applied to the higher education environment in the future.
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