This paper studied the enhanced effects of ultrasonic as non-chemical oxidant on traditional coagulation of raw water with alum for microorganisms' removal. The treatment processes were studied using ultrasonic frequencies; 20, 40 and 60 KHz at different time intervals namely 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes. The study revealed that removal percentage of Total Coliform, Faecal Coliform and Faecal Streptococcus ranged between 5%-46%. There was a positive correlation between ultrasonic intensity, sonication time and bacterial removal. There are clear morphological changes in the algal organisms without cell disruption especially green algae due to the release of photosynthetic pigments "Chlorophyll". No changes of chlorophyll "a" content were detected. Pretreated samples with 20, 40, and 60 KHz ultrasonic frequencies for 60 min decreased the alum dose by 6.7 %, 13.3 % and 20 % respectively.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.