Sesame crop is one of the oldest oil producing crops around the world, which has a high ability to adapt to tropical and semi-tropical regions. Sesame seeds are widely involved in making healthy foods, which is increasingly in demand nowadays. Moreover, they have positive effects on human health because of their contain of nutrients, antioxidants, minerals, and vitamins.The purpose of this work is to give a general view of the sesame crop in terms of physical and chemical properties, which affect the design and work of agricultural machinery that used for sowing sesame seeds, as well as aims to give a global overview of available sesame cultivation technology and its development in different regions of the world to indicate the gaps and make future recommendations. The low cultivated area of the sesame seeds in many countries is caused by the low labor, which is a fundamental factor in addition to using the traditional methods of planting and sowing sesame seeds such as hand planting, and limited use of mechanically planting such as row planteruntil.
The study was conducted at the reclamation water intake facility of Tikhovsky hydroelectric complex. We used data from long-term observations and results of laboratory studies on a 1:20 scale physical model of the Zapan fish protection device. The effectiveness of the model was evaluated using simulators of juvenile fish. Increasing the efficiency of the Zapan fish protection facility is achieved by additional placement in the bottom threshold, which directs the bottom flow along with the young fish to the springboard, where there is an airlift in the form of a bubble curtain that lifts the young along the springboard into the fish-receiving holes of permeable shields. Fish protection design and location in the middle of the water stream do not create a backwater due to low resistance and provide protection for young fish. This increases not only the survival rate of young fish, but also the efficiency of reclamation water intakes. A new design of a fish protection structure for reclamation water intakes of the Zapan type was developed, which provides a fish protection effect of 3 groups of young fish formed by their swimming ability, which allowed determining the size of the elements of the fish protection structure.
Crops play a vital role in our daily life, as they represent the backbone of all life on earth and an essential resource for human food, feed grain, oil, and fiber for local consumption and a major component of export trade in many countries, leading to its increasing demand all over the world. Precision planting is the effective method to rise crop yield. To meet the agricultural requirement of precision planting, various types of different precision seed planters have been developed. However, because of the difference of farm scale, geographical environment, crop type and economic status among different countries, types of seed planters are various, and the technique involved are at different levels. This paper analysis and compare of some typically precision seed planters currently available in the world. Detailed characteristics have been provided for some typical precision planters and comparisons were made as to their suitability under working conditions. This allows the smallholder farmers to assess and select the appropriate precision seed planter that corresponds to the potential and characteristics required, for example, planting seeds, the possibility of adding fertilizer during cropping, the number of rows and the horsepower required, controlling the seeds rate, spacing between seeds in the same rows in addition to more other options.
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