Fumaria capreolata is used in traditional medicine in North Africa for its gastrointestinal and anti-inflammatory activities. The present study investigates the effects of total alkaloids extracted from the aerial parts of Fumaria capreolata (AFC) on LPS-induced production of proinflammatory mediators (IL-6, IL-1β, iNOS, TNF-α, COX-2, and MIP-2) in RAW264.7 cells. AFC significantly reduced the inflammatory response inhibiting the production of nitric oxide (NO) and IL-6 in a dose-dependent manner, without affecting the viability of cells, and downregulated mRNA expression of proinflammatory key players: IL-6, IL-1β, iNOS, TNF-α, and COX-2. AFC antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties were also evaluated on the acetic acid- and formalin-induced pain models in mice. AFC oral administration significantly inhibited acetic acid-induced writhes and reduced formalin-induced paw licking time. Therefore, AFC may be a potential candidate for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, such as colitis and arthritis.
Two analytical platforms, gas chromatography (GC) coupled to quadrupole-time-of-flight (QTOF) mass spectrometry (MS) and reversed-phase ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled to diode array (DAD) and QTOF detection, were applied in order to study the alkaloid profile of Fumaria capreolata. The use of these mass analyzers enabled tentatively identifying the alkaloids by matching their accurate mass signals and suggested molecular formulae with those previously reported in libraries and databases. Moreover, the proposed structures were corroborated by studying their fragmentation pattern obtained by both platforms. In this way, 8 and 26 isoquinoline alkaloids were characterized using GC-QTOF-MS and RP-UHPLC-DAD-QTOF-MS, respectively, and they belonged to the following subclasses: protoberberine, protopine, aporphine, benzophenanthridine, spirobenzylisoquinoline, morphinandienone, and benzylisoquinoline. Moreover, the latter analytical method was selected to determine at 280 nm the concentration of protopine (9.6 ± 0.7 mg/g), a potential active compound of the extract. In conclusion, although GC-MS has been commonly used for the analysis of this type of phytochemicals, RP-UHPLC-DAD-QTOF-MS provided essential complementary information. This analytical method can be applied for the quality control of phytopharmaceuticals containing Fumaria extracts currently found in the market.
Background:
Linum usitatissimum is widely used in traditional medicine for the treatment of inflammation, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases.
Methods:
Acute oral toxicity, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of total alkaloid extract from Linum usitatissimum seeds (ALU) were investigated in vivo. Xylene induced ear edema was used to determine anti-inflammatory effect, and acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin induced paw licking and tail-immersion tests were used to investigate analgesic activity.
Results:
Oral administration of ALU (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) produced anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. ALU significantly diminished the edema induced by xylene. ALU also significantly reduced the abdominal construction induced by acetic acid. Furthermore, ALU also inhibited responses in both phases of formalin-induced paw licking and increased reaction time of mice in the tail-immersion test.
Conclusion:
These findings suggest the total alkaloid extract from Linum usitatissimum seeds presents significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects on chemical behavioral models of inflammation and nociception in mice.
Background:
In traditional medicine, Linum usitatissimum treats inflammatory, gastrointestinal, and cardiovascular diseases.
Objectives:
The present study aims to assess the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects of total alkaloid extract from Linum usitatissimum seeds (ALU) on the ear histological integrity and oxidant-antioxidant status in a mice model of a sub-chronic inflammation induced by multiapplication of TPA.
Methods:
Topical TPA treatment induced various inflammatory changes, including edema formation, epidermal thickness, and the excess production of reactive oxygen species. Tissue samples were used for the measurement of reduced glutathione (GSH) and nitric oxide (NO) levels and Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and Catalase (CAT) activities.
Results:
Oral administration of ALU (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) produced anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects. Also, ALU significantly reduced ear edema and inflammatory cell infiltration and restored the integrity of the ear.
Conclusion:
These findings suggest that the total alkaloid extract from Linum usitatissimum seeds presents significant anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects on TPA-induced sub-chronic inflammation model in NMRI mice and can be used as an anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant agent for the therapeutic management of inflammatory disorders.
Introduction:
There is growing interest in alternative therapies for managing inflammatory bowel disorders (IBD) that offer efficacy and a suitable safety profile. The present study aimed to evaluate the intestinal anti-inflammatory effect of the alkaloid extract of Linum usitatissimum (ALU) on the acetic acid (AA) experimental model of colitis.
Methods:
For in vivo experiments, an 8-day 5% acetic acid administration protocol was used in BALB/c mice to induce colitis. The intestinal anti-inflammatory effect of oral ALU (12.5, 25, and 50mg/kg) was evaluated after 8 days. Colon damage was evaluated macroscopically (colon weight/ colon length), and the histological alterations were also assessed.
Results:
ALU treatment significantly reduced signs of intestinal inflammation compared to the Acetic acid control mice, confirmed by histological examination.
Conclusion:
These results suggest that the total alkaloid extract from Linum usitatissimum seeds has potent intestinal anti-inflammatory properties and may be a promising treatment for ulcerative colitis.
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