The genus Scabiosa (family Caprifoliaceae) is considered large (618 scientific plant names of species) although only 62 have accepted Latin binominal names. The majority of the Scabiosa species are widely distributed in the Mediterranean region and some Scabiosa species are used in traditional medicine systems. For instance, Scabiosa columbaria L. is used traditionally against diphtheria while S. comosa Fisch. Ex Roem. and Schult. is used in Mongolian and Tibetan traditional medical settings to treat liver diseases. The richness of Scabiosa species in secondary metabolites such as iridoids, flavonoids and pentacyclic triterpenoids may contribute to its use in folk medicine. Details on the most recent and relevant pharmacological in vivo studies on the bioactive secondary metabolites isolated from Scabiosa species will be summarized and thoroughly discussed.
The phenolic profile of Scabiosa stellata L., a species used in Moroccan traditional medicine, is disclosed. To obtain that profile the species extract was analyzed by ultra-high-performance chromatography coupled to photodiode-array detection and electrospray ionization/ion trap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-DAD-ESI/MSn). Twenty-five phenolic compounds were identified from which isoorientin and 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid can be highlighted because they are the major ones. The antioxidant activity was significantly controlled by the fraction type, with the n-butanol fraction showing the highest antioxidant activity (FRS50 = 64.46 µg/mL in the DPPH assay, FRS50 = 27.87 µg/mL in the ABTS assay and EC50 = 161.11 µg/mL in the reducing power assay). A phytochemical study of the n-butanol fraction was performed, and some important flavone glycosides were isolated. Among them the tamarixetin derivatives—the less common ones—can be emphasized. This phytochemical study and polyphenolic profile can be correlated with S. stellata extracts in vitro antioxidant activity. Moreover, it can be regarded as an evidence of its medicinal use and can incentivize its consumption.
Mentha pulegium L. (Lamiaceae) is the most common of the Mentha species growing in Algeria [1]. It is a perennial, herbaceous, aromatic plant species occurring in the whole Mediterranean basin, Western, Central and Eastern Europe, Asia Minor, and Northern parts of Iran. It can be found on humid terrains, near roads, and in more abundance in mountain pastures [2]. It is used in folk medicine as an infusion preventing different gastric disorders and inflammations of the respiratory tract [3]. Several studies on Mentha pulegium essential oil composition have been published already [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15].Three chemotypes have been established, pulegone type, piperitenone/piperitone type, and isomenthone/neoisomenthol type [10]. We present in this study the chemical composition of essential oils of species from twelve stations of different areas of the East of Algeria. All these results were compared with literature data and showed the presence of a new chemotype (reduced levels of pulegone and important nonoxygenated terpenic fractions).The yields of pulegone for other species are similar with those described in the literature (43.3-87.36%). The proportions of the other metabolites (menthone, isomenthone, piperitone, piperitenone) were also discussed.The oil prepared from the aerial parts of M. pulegium gives the yield obtained from the different samples analyzed, which are between 1, 16 to 2, and 19%. Forty-one constituents were identified in the oils (table 1). All the samples are harvested at the flowering stages. Mountain pastures gave better yields (Tassala, Bir Guecha, and Bouhatem).According to the composition of the oils, it will be seen under table 1 that the species were mostly related to the pulegone type (43, 3 to 87, 3% yield of pulegone). For these species the other main components were piperitenone (maximum yield 26/73%, Oued Zrafa), isomenthone (maximum yield 22.6%, Tassala 3), menthone (maximum yield 6.7%, Bouhatem 2), and in lesser amounts piperitone (2.13%, Tassala 3). For all the species these C-3 oxygenated p-menthane compounds constituted the bulk of the oils, while the level of nonoxygenated terpenic fractions was relatively low (<5%). The levels of menthone and isomenthone and piperitenone are slightly smaller than those reported in the literature with the difference in their relative ratio. The high level of piperitenone (14.4-26.7%) is most of the time associated with the high level of menthone (3.9-6.46%) and smaller amount of isomenthone (0.9-2.2%) (OZ, B1, B2, AR). Conversely, a high level of isomenthone (10.3-22.6%) is often associated with a moderate quantity of piperitenone (8-8.2%) and reduced yield of menthone (0.6-1%) (T1, T3).Two locations (M3: Ghdir d'achouat and J3: Jijel aeroport) exhibited more reduced yield of pulegone and high levels of nonoxygenated terpenic fractions (α-pinene, β-pinene, camphene, sabinene, α-terpinene, β-phellandrene, myrcene) and relatively high level of 1,8 cineol.From the results of the literature data, it appears that Algerian oils ...
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