Food waste (FW) is seen as an obstacle to achieving food and nutrition security and food systems sustainability. It is known in literature that households are significant contributors to the total amount of FW. This paper reports on results of an online survey that was conducted from February to April 2015 with a random sample of 281 Tunisian adults. The aim of the survey is to assess the knowledge and relative importance of FW; attitudes towards FW; impacts of behaviors regarding food and food management; quantity and value of FW; as well as barriers and willingness to behavioral change. The sample was not gender-balanced (71.2% female and 28.8% male). The majority of the respondents was young (70.8% aged between 18 and 34 years) and has high education level (95.4% having university and PhD degrees). Food waste is prevalent in Tunisia as about the half of respondents declare that they throw food. The most wasted food products are fruits, vegetables, and cereals and bakery products. Only 42.7% of respondents declared that the economic value of food waste generated each month is more than 6US$. Most of Tunisian respondents have a good understanding of food labels that is probably due to the high education level of the sample. About 37% of respondents throw weekly at least 250 g of still consumable food. To reduce FW in Tunisia it is important to set a strategy at all food chain levels. There is also an urgent need to raise people's and organizations awareness towards this problem. This article provides a basis for the development of other more context specific investigations and interventions for the prevention of household FW in Tunisia.
Olive (Olea europaea) is host of 13 different viruses but, it is possible that other viruses, which are either non mechanically transmissible or occur in low concentration in plant tissues, are present in nature. This likelihood is supported by the widespread occurrence of double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) in plants negative to biological tests. As very little information is available on the geographical distribution of olive-infecting, investigations were conducted for gathering information on the prevalence and distribution of olive viruses in the Mediterranean basin based on the presence of double stranded RNA (dsRNA). A total of 527 samples were collected throughout the surveys covering 10 countries and 83 locations. Out of 286 tested samples collected from 6 Italian regions, 210 (73.4%) were dsRNA positive, whereas the average of viral infections in the Mediterranean basin was 64.5%. Molecular hybridisation tests, on 25 % of dsRNA-positive samples collected in Apulia, revealed the presence of the three nepoviruses (ArMV, CLRV and SLRSV), OLYaV and OLV-1.
Enabling employability, the next generations’ employment and job prospects is crucial in achieving meaningful lives of equal dignity within the current digital era and beyond. Not only have the responsibilities associated with major drivers become crucial in our lives but also the issue of a transformation to a development that is sustainable is taking increasing precedence in our daily routines. One of the key factors in achieving a meaningful life that is sustainable is education in its capacity to empower the next generations. The role of education with regard to the people’s capability and human needs is multiple and complex. This chapter offers an understanding of the focus on “capabilities” from the humanistic and holistic perspective in education. The inspiration behind such a vision is based on the concept of a just and equitable future for the next generations on a stable and resilient planet and is particularly pertinent in view of the recent COVID-19 pandemic. In this context, sustainable employability today as well as in the future depends as much on employment prospects as on “capabilities.” Although “capabilities” in concrete terms are not yet an integral part of education for sustainable employability, they should not only enable the next generations to do their job, seize job opportunities, and cope with changes but should also enhance the said future. Finally, this chapter looks forward at further areas of research that will spur researchers to examine the topic in more detail in future empirical work.
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