The prevalence of SFI was twofold greater in females than males. Children were most commonly affected by tinea capitis, whereas adults generally suffered from tinea pedis. The frequency of onychomycosis was nearly three times higher in adults. This study clearly shows that SFIs are of concern in both genders and in all age groups.

Background: Irrational use of antimicrobials and gaps in infection control practices have resulted in alarmingly high prevalence of multidrug resistant organisms (MDRO) globally. The objective of our study was to highlight the incidence of hospital acquired MDROs in our facility. Method:A retrospective analysis of surveillance data collected from January -December 2013 in a tertiary care hospital of Saudi Arabia. The Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC) surveillance definitions were used, while the MDRO definition was modified. Descriptive analysis was performed and incidence density was calculated. SPSS version 20 (IBM, Chicago, USA) was used for analysis. Result:In total 1737 MDRO isolates were identified. Of these n = 1,326 (76%) were hospital acquired and the mean incidence rate was 4.8 cases/1,000 patient-days. The most common risk factors were prolonged stay (≥ 5 days) n = 1134 (85.5%), indwelling medical devices 955 (72%) and antimicrobial therapy in past 90 days 949 (71.5%). Klebsiella pneumoniae n = 307(23%), Acinetobacter baumannii n = 270 (20%), Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus n = 183 (14%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa n = 160 (12%) and Escherichia coli n = 159 (12%) were the most prominent nosocomial pathogens. Resistance among gram negatives for cephalosporins ranged from 94% to 98%. A. baumannii (98%) and P. aeruginosa (89%) were resistant to carbapanems. More than 90% of A. baumannii were extensive drug resistant. Conclusion:The study indicated an alarmingly high incidence of hospital acquired MDRO in a single center. The increasing resistance warrants the need for a robust and continuous surveillance system for monitoring regional trends in MDRO susceptibility patterns and comprehensive infection control and antimicrobial stewardship programs.

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