In response to a meal, the signals of satiety suppress the signals of hunger (meaning to finish the meal). These signals originate in the pancreas and gastrointestinal tract, transmitting information from the periphery to the brain (by the vagus nerve or the circulation). The study aimed to estimate whether the serum level of Cholecystokinin (CCK) in three male groups is influenced by their type of food. The current study included Sixty volunteers of adult males (normalweight group n=20, overweight group n=20, and obese I group n=20) (21-24 years). The blood samples were taken from subjects in the afternoon after (30 minutes-2 hours) from lunch was consumed, during March 2021 till June 2021. ELIZA kit was used to assay the serum concentration of the Cholecystokinin hormone. The anthropometric measurements were done, such as body weight and height, to calculate body mass index (BMI) by special formula, and the subjects were assorted depending on WHO body mass index (BMI) classification. Cholecystokinin showed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in obese I (311.201±21.542) and overweight (353.494 ± 43.915) as compared with the normal weight group (646.002 ± 46.344). A significant negative correlation was noticed between the hormone and body weight. Eating palatable food leads to uncontrolled ingesting behaviors due to the shift from homeostatic to hedonic regulatory mechanisms of food intake. These changes occur primarily in individuals with obesity and thus lead to an irregularity in the secretion of anorexigenic hormones.

Leukemia is one of the most common cancer prevalent worldwide in both gender, and all races regardless of the level of living. It affects blood-forming tissues especially the bone marrow. Due to the importance of this disease and its risks, the study was carried out to evaluate the oxidative stress status and detect the effect of leukemia on some hematological parameters. Estimate gamma glutamyle transferase (GGT).A study was conducted between August 2016 till February 2017 in the center for Hematology/ Yarmouk Hospital. The blood samples were collected from 70 Iraqi patients with leukemia and 37 normal persons as control group, their ages ranged from (6-68 years).The statistical analysis of malondialdehyde (MDA) showed significant increase (P≤ 0.05) in patients with leukemia in compared to healthy. While there was significant decrease in Vitamin C and E concentration in patients (7.10 ± 0.49; 8.75 ± 0.65 µmol/L respectively) in compared with healthy group (18.83 ± 0.67; 25.83 ± 0.88 µmol/L respectively). The results of gamma glutamyle transferase (GGT) showed significant increase (P≤ 0.05) in patients with leukemia compared to healthy group. The results of hematological parameters showed significant decrease (P≤ 0.05) in each of packed cell volume (PCV) in patients with leukemia compared to healthy group, and hemoglobin concentration in patients compared to healthy group, while there was a significant increase (P≤ 0.05) in total leukocytes count in patients with leukemia when compared to healthy group. The results of the study showed a positive correlation between GGT and WBC.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) constitutes a family of genetically heterogeneous lymphoid neoplasms derived from B- and T-lymphoid progenitors. The aim of the study was to assess the oxidative status through measurement of antioxidants levels in patients with ALL and deduce any differences in their concentrations from normal values. The study was included 60 children with acute lymphoid leukemia diagnosed by blood film and bone marrow examination and 30 healthy subjects taken as healthy for the initial laboratory tests. Oxidative stress, blood antioxidants status, and liver enzymes profiles were measured in all groups. Our results showed that Antioxidants levels and Hb were significant decreased (P⩽0.05) in ALL patients. In contrast MDA, liver enzymes, leukocytes and Lymphocytes count were significant increase (P⩽0.05) in ALL patients compared to healthy control subjects. Boys predominance was evident, the fraction of patients living in urban areas was more than those of rural regions. Also, the results from statistical analysis revealed that there was a strong correlation between ABO blood groups and leukemia. The present study concludes that free radicals have been concerned in the pathogenesis of leukemia in childhood, the mechanism of increased MDA is that may be due to lymphocyte cells are source superoxide and other oxygen metabolites which lead to lipid peroxidation.