Abstract:The success of nucleic acid delivery requires the development of safe and efficient delivery vectors that overcome cellular barriers for effective transport. Herein we describe the synthesis of a series of novel, single-chain rigid cationic carotenoid lipids and a study of their preliminary in vitro siRNA delivery effectiveness and cellular toxicity. The efficiency of siRNA delivery by the single-chain lipid series was compared with that of known cationic lipid vectors, 3β-[N-(N',N'-dimethylaminoethane)carbamoyl]-cholesterol (DC-Chol) and 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glyceryl-3-phosphoethanolamine (EPC) as positive controls. All cationic lipids (controls and single-chain lipids) were co-formulated into liposomes with the neutral co-lipid, 1,2-dioleolyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE). Cationic lipid-siRNA complexes of varying (+/−) molar charge ratios were formulated for delivery into HR5-CL11 cells. Of the five single-chain carotenoid lipids investigated, lipids 1, 2, 3 and 5 displayed significant knockdown efficiency with HR5-CL11 cells. In addition, lipid 1 exhibited the lowest levels of cytotoxicity with cell viability greater than 80% at all (+/−) molar charge ratios studied. This novel, single-chain
OPEN ACCESSMolecules 2012, 17 3485 rigid carotenoid-based cationic lipid represents a new class of transfection vector with excellent cell tolerance, accompanied with encouraging siRNA delivery efficiency.
Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease is a rare autoimmune granulomatous panuveitis with significant associated morbidity. While ocular and meningeal signs are typically observed in the acute stage, the associated classic tegumentary findings are observed subsequently. This case report highlights the imaging findings associated with this entity that serves to emphasize the role of contrast-enhanced brain MRI in early disease detection, which allows for prompt treatment initiation and better disease outcome.
Aim: To evaluate intraocular pressure changes after intravitreal injection of Bevacizumab alone or in combination with Triamcinolone Acetonide. Method: Our study included 63 eyes from the ophthalmology department at Tishreen University Hospital who had vascular retinal diseases. The patients were divided into two groups according to the indication of injection. The first group was injected with bevacizumab (B) at a concentration of 2.5mg / 0.1 ml and the second group was injected with the combination treatment of Triamcinolone Acetonide at a concentration of 2mg / 0.05ml with bevacizumab (B+TA) at a concentration of 1.25mg/ 0.05ml. Intraocular pressure was monitored on the Goldman applanation tonometry and values were recorded as follows: before injection, the second injection day, a week after injection, a month after injection and after three months. Results: The mean values of the intraocular pressure mean increased from the second day of injection in the study groups (B) and (B+TA) and the mean of the IOP values before injection (13.34-13.31 mmHg) respectively, and the IOP values showed the maximum in both groups after a week of the injection (17.81-17.31 mmHg) then began to decrease after a month and three months later to (17.34-17.06mmHg) and (17.6-16.75mmHg) mercury respectively, but they remained higher than they were before the injection, and the number of injections had no effect on intraocular pressure. Conclusion: intravitreal injections with both bevacizumab alone or in combination with triamcinolone acetonide resulted in a rise in intraocular pressure, and differences in pressure values were statistically significant within the same group during the studied time periods but were not statistically significant between the two groups, and the number of injections had no effect on intraocular pressure.
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