An efficient synthesis of 3-substituted-5-arylamino-1,2,4-thiadiazoles through intramolecular oxidative S-N bond formation of imidoyl thioureas by phenyliodine(III) bis(trifluoroacetate) is reported. The protocol features a metal-free approach, broad substrate scope, very short reaction times, good to excellent yields, and simple starting materials.

The rechargeable Zn 2+ ion batteries are promising for the sustainable energy storage device applications. Recently they have been extensively evaluated for finding new cathode material and prevention of dendrite growth at Zn plate anode. Herein we have evaluated redox active organic molecule 7,7,8,8Tetracyanoquino dimethane (TCNQ) as a cathode material for aqueous zinc battery with zinc plates as anode in 1 M ZnSO 4 . The charging/discharging of the battery was associated with formation and deformation of Zn-TCNQ complex, which was confirmed by XRD and FTIR. The specific capacity of cathode was found to be 123.2 mAh g −1 at 100 mA current density with 96% coulombic efficiency. Whereas specific capacity at 1 A current density was found to be 60 mAh g −1 with 94% coulombic efficiency. In a cycling experiments we observed the fading of capacity with time by partial dissolution of Zn-TCNQ complex. The fading of capacity was prevented by confining TCNQ molecules inside the nano structures of newly prepared covalent organic polymers. The confinement remarkably increased the capacitance to 171 mAh g −1 at 1 A current density. As the material is readily available and the absence of toxic inflammable volatile organic electrolytes in our battery this material offers a very good choice as cathode material for zinc battery.

Low voltage, non‐gassing electroosmotic pump (EOP) was assembled with poly(2‐ethyl aniline) (EPANI)‐Prussian blue nanocomposite electrode and commercially available hydrophilic PVDF membranes. The nanocomposite material combines excellent oxidation/reduction capacity of EPANI with exceptional stability by shuttling of proton between Prussian blue nanoparticles and EPANI redox matrix. The flow rate was highly dependent on the electrode composition but it was linear with applied voltage. The flow rate at 5 V for different nanocomposite, EPANI, EPANI‐A, EPANI‐B, and EPANI‐C were 127.29, 187.41, 148.51, and 95.47 µL/min cm2, respectively, which increases substantially with increase in the Prussian blue content. The obtained best electro osmotic flux was 43 µL/min/V/cm2 for EPANI‐A. It was higher than most of the EOP assembled using polyquinone and polyanthraquinone redox polymers. The assembled EOP remained exceptionally stable until the electrode charge capacity was fully utilized. The best EOP produces a maximum stall pressure of 1.2 kPa at 2 V. These characteristics make it suitable for a variety of microfluidic/device applications.