This study aims to describe the distribution of low health literacy (HL) in the population in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), and to analyze factors associated with low HL in KSA. A cross‐sectional national survey using quota sampling, population‐based of residents of KSA conducted via phone interviews supplemented by in‐person interviews. The survey included an overall evidence‐based measurement of HL. Both descriptive statistics of the sample and a multivariable logistic regression model predicting low HL were developed. A total of 3557 surveys were available for analysis, and 46% of the respondents were classified as having low HL. In regression modelling, low HL was associated with older age groups (age 47‐56 odds ratio [OR] 1.60, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.30‐1.97; age 57‐66 OR 1.38, 95% CI 0.98‐1.94), the regions of Ha’il (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.5‐0.85) and Najran (OR 1.27, 95% CI 0.99‐1.64), having been formerly married, lower levels of education (less than elementary OR 3.20, 95% CI 2.10‐4.88; and elementary, OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.14‐2.30), lower levels of income, and having sought healthcare exactly three times in the last year. Approximately half of KSA has low HL, and risk factors for low HL were older ages, lower income and education, having been formerly married, and a moderate pattern of health use. Future studies are needed to better characterize the distribution and determinants of low HL across KSA.
Background Diet, health, physical activity, tobacco use, and mental health are risk factors that contribute to an increased incidence of NCDs. This report aims to determine overall health status, nutritional perceptions, knowledge, behaviors, and shopping practices among the Saudi population. Methods A nationwide cross-sectional survey was conducted among Saudi residents aged ≥ 18 years. This study used a stratified quota sampling technique to get an equal distribution of participants across the 13 regions of Saudi Arabia. Results A total of 3,699 people across all 13 regions in Saudi Arabia were interviewed. Of those, 15.2% reported that they had at least one chronic disease, 12.5% were at risk of depression, and 16.4% were regular smokers. Overall, 25.9% of participants were obese (29% of men and 26.5% of women). Less than two thirds (60.5%) of participants were physically active, with an average of 53 minutes of physical activity per day. A lack of willpower was the most-reported reason for not being active. A very small portion of participants ate fruit (5.8%) and vegetables (7.3%). During the last seven days, 19.9 % had taken supplements, and 54.65% of those reported that they used supplements for medical reasons. Conclusion Further research is needed to develop evidence-based nutrition guidelines to address food consumption and Saudi dietary habits.
Background Nursing students, the future nursing workforce, are expected to be exposed to ethically challenging situations in their workplaces, and they must be knowledgeable about patients’ rights to provide holistic care. However, limited research was cited on the knowledge of nursing students regarding the Bill of Rights and the factors influencing their knowledge. Purpose This study aimed to assess nursing students’ knowledge of the patients’ bill of rights and determine what factors influence this knowledge in Saudi Arabia. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional research study was conducted with a convenience sample of nursing students (N = 210) in a Saudi nursing college. Data were collected using a questionnaire that consists of three parts: demographic characteristics, knowledge of the patients’ bill of rights, and six open-ended and reflective questions. Descriptive statistics and response analysis are used. Results The statistics showed that the total knowledge score about patients’ rights ranged from 19 to 34, with a mean of 26.11 ± 2.32, among nursing students. About two-thirds of students reported adequate knowledge (n = 118, 65.5%), compared to those who had inadequate knowledge (n = 62, 34.5%). In addition to academic level and age, students reflected on many factors that shape their ethical knowledge, such as integrated, interprofessional learning experiences, workshops, a supportive and ethical learning environment, and the presence of an ethical committee. Conclusion Continuous efforts to foster ethics education with inspiring learning content and innovative instructional material are vital to improving nursing students’ knowledge and readiness. Interprofessional education (IPE) sessions and awareness programs are effective strategies to improve their ethical awareness and knowledge.
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