Aim and design: L-carnitine supplementation combined with exercise may enhance metabolic responses and improve exercise performance. Thus, this systematic review article aims to identify the effects of the L-carnitine supplement on biochemical markers, and exercise performance when combined with exercise. Data Sources: The articles are screened and reviewed based on titles, abstracts and keywords. Only peer-reviewed studies written in the English language, dated January 2000 to March 2021, were considered in this review. Review Methods: The PRISMA method is used for this study. PubMed, EBSCOHost, SpringerLINK, and Scopus databases were used to systematically search. Results: From a search 731 articles, 12 articles were identified related to effect of L-carnitine intake with exercises on biochemical markers and exercise performance. Studies showed that L-carnitine supplementation can be consumed daily during aerobic or anaerobic exercises by different population including patients. Its combination could improve serum lipid profiles, antioxidant properties, markers of metabolic, oxidative stress, and inflammatory, and exercise performance. Conclusion and Impact: This review provides information regarding the beneficial effects of L-carnitine supplement with recommended dosages and exercise prescriptions on overall body health in human.
INTRODUCTION: Obesity has been associated to persistent oxidative stress and inflammation that could lead to chronic diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty[1]eight overweight and obese participants aged 29.03 ± 6.02 years old were randomly assigned, with 17 participants per group, into sedentary control (C), L-carnitine supplement alone (S), exercise alone (E), and combined L-carnitine supplementation and exercise (SE) groups. The participants in S and SE groups took one tablet of 1000 mg of L-carnitine every day. The E and SE groups performed brisk walking exercise for 30 minutes at 50% HRmax followed by Tabata exercise for 10 to 20 minutes per session, 3 sessions per week. During pre- and post-tests, blood markers of participants were assessed to determine their reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels. All the observed parameters were analysed using two-way mixed ANOVA for repeated measures to determine significant differences within and between the groups and comparisons of mean differences were performed using one way ANOVA. RESULTS: Results showed that there were significant decreases in ROS and MDA in the S, E, and SE groups at post-test after 12 weeks of intervention. The greatest reduction of these parameters were observed in SE group among all groups. At the post-test, both CAT and SOD levels increased in the S, E, and SE groups. Regarding IL-6, it was found to be increased in C and E groups. In contrast, there were significant decreases in S and SE groups following the intervention. CONCLUSION: Twelve weeks of L-carnitine supplementation and engagement in brisk walking and Tabata exercise had significant improvement on oxidative stress, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory responses in overweight and obese individuals.
This article aimed to determine effects of 12 weeks of combined L-carnitine supplementation and moderate-intensity exercise on cardiovascular markers and bone health status in overweight and obese individuals. Sixty-eight participants (mean age: 29.03 ± 6.02 years old) were divided into control (C), L-carnitine supplement (S), exercise (E), combined L-carnitine and exercise (SE) groups. Participants in S and SE groups consumed 1 tablet of 1000mg L-carnitine daily. Participants in E and SE groups performed 30 minutes of brisk walking (50% HRmax), and continued with 10 to 20 minutes of Tabata exercise per session, 3 times per week. After 12 weeks of intervention, there were significant reduction in body weight (p< 0.05), body mass index (p< 0.05), fat percentage (p< 0.05), fat mass (p< 0.05), and increases fat free mass (p< 0.01) in S, E and SE groups. Regarding waist to hip ratio, blood glucose and total cholesterol, only E and SE groups showed improvements (p<0.05) and the greatest reduction was observed in SE group. No significant changes in insulin resistance in any groups. Additionally, S, E and SE groups also showed enhancement in both dominant and non-dominant radial and tibial speed of sound (p< 0.05) within and between the groups.
Background: Physical activity is beneficial for bone health. Bones respond and adapt to applied loads that can vary among physical activity. This study investigated differences in bone health status, muscular performance, and aerobic and anaerobic capacities of young male Malaysian athletes competing at the state level. Methods: A total of 44 participants (age: 17.1 ± 1.6 years old) were randomly divided into sedentary control, weightlifting, cycling or squash groups. The bone speed of sound (SOS), muscular performance, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and anaerobic capacities of the participants were measured. Results: All athletes exhibited significantly higher tibial and radial bone SOS (P < 0.01) values than the sedentary group. Weightlifting athletes showed the highest radial bone SOS value in the arm, whereas cycling athletes exhibited the highest tibial bone SOS value in the leg among the groups. Weightlifting athletes also had significantly higher isokinetic knee extension, shoulder extension and shoulder flexion peak torque (PT) and average power (AVG.P) (P < 0.05) as well as significantly greater anaerobic peak power (P < 0.05) compared to cyclists and squash players. However, the aerobic capacity of cyclists and squash players was significantly higher (P < 0.001) than the weightlifters. The cyclists had significantly higher anaerobic capacity and power (P < 0.001) than weightlifters and squash players. Conclusion: The findings imply that the bone health and physiological profiles of athletes are influenced by the type of sporting activity they undertake.
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