In this study the role of polymer flooding as one of the most efficient processes to enhance oil recovery (EOR) is discussed. Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a bio-based polymer that has potential application for use in polymer flooding. This polymer is reviewed with particular emphasis on the effect of concentration, shear rate, salinity, hardness and temperature on polymer viscosity. Initial findings showed that PHB owned higher resistant as compared to mechanical degradation and thermal stability of HPAM as well as XG.
Clay is the primary cause for resistivity reduction in most of the low resistivity pay cases. While dry clay acts as insulator, reaction with water made wet clay a good conductor. Clay conductivity is contributed by the exchangeable cation properties of the mineral. This reduces the actual resistivity of the formation, especially in the invaded zone. The effect is more severe if clay existed as dispersed type in the formation; which will also reduce other important petrophysical properties such as porosity and permeability. The study was conducted to observe the mechanism and reduction of formation resistivity due to mud invasion and find the relationship between resistivity reduction and petrophysical properties of the formation. The resistivity was measured on four types of samples with different grain size and sorting; well sorted fine grain size, well sorted medium grain size, well sorted coarse grain size and not well sorted sand. Three types of fluids were flushed into sand pack those are brine, crude oil and water based mud to simulate the invasion process. Sand pack with not well sorted sand and fine grain size had the most resistivity reduction, which possibly due to the high clay content that interacted with water.
An overview on molecular structure of adsorbed additive orientates at particle interface in order to understand the ability of dispersants to affect dispersion behaviour is presented. With a wide range of molecular structures, adsorbed additive molecule generates different conformational molecular structure (CMS) combined with interaction of a range of forces occurring with the adsorbed additive molecules and between the adsorbed additive molecules; hence change the surface chemistry of particles in the dispersion.
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