Dibutyltin(IV) (2-methoxyethyl) methyldithiocarbamate (Compound 1) and tricyclohexyltin(IV) (2-methoxyethyl) methyldithiocarbamate (Compound 2) were used to evaluate their cytotoxicity against three human leukemic cell lines namely Jurkat E6.1, K562, and HL-60. The cytotoxicity of these compounds was assessed using MTT assay for treatment duration of 24 hours. The morphological changes were also observed upon the induction of these compounds with the IC 50 value for 24 hours. Both compounds demonstrated high cytotoxicity towards the cell lines tested, with IC 50 values of 0.14-1.30 µM (Jurkat E6.1), 0.06-0.18 µM (HL-60) and 5.20-5.40 µM (K562). The morphological changes of the cell lines induced by both compounds mostly showed characteristics of cell death via apoptosis. In conclusion, both compounds exhibited good cytotoxicity towards the cell lines tested. However, further studies are needed to identify the exact mode of cell death and the mechanisms of action of these compounds in induced human leukemic cell lines.
Three novel triphenyltin(IV) compounds with N-(2-methoxyethyl)-N-methyldithiocarbamate (1), N-benzyl-N-phenethyldithiocarbamate (2) and N-methyl-N-hexyldithiocarbamate (3) ligands have been successfully synthesized via in situ insertion method. The newly synthesized compounds gave fairly sharp melting points indicating their purity and were successfully isolated as crystalline solids. All the compounds have been characterized by CHNS elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1 H, 13 C and 119 Sn NMR spectroscopies. A single C-S vibration band around 1000 cm -1 was observed in all compounds, suggesting bidentate bonding of dithiocarbamate ligand to tin metal through both sulfur donor atoms. The crystal structures of all the compounds were determined by X-ray crystallography. All the compounds were crystallized in triclinic system having PI space group. The single crystal X-ray diffraction data illustrated all three dithiocarbamato ligands are bidentate but in asymmetric fashion due to ∆(Sn-S) bond length and the geometry at the tin center is described as distorted trigonal-bipyramidal.
Imatinib mesylate (IM), a leading treatment for chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), has sparked worries about the possibility of CML patients developing a resistance to it. As a result, researchers are becoming more interested in organotin(IV) compounds due to their strong potential to be developed as anticancer agents and employed as an option to address the issues regarding IM-resistance therapy. Generally, this study is to determine the cytotoxicity induced by diorganotin(IV) dithiocarbamate compounds in K562 human erythroleukaemia cells. The two novel diorganotin(IV) compounds namely diphenyltin(IV) N-methyl-N-phenethyldithiocarbamate (C1) and dibutyltin(IV) N-methyl-N-phenethyldithiocarbamate (C2) were assessed their cytotoxicity via MTT [3-(4-5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay and mode of cell death via Annexin V-FITC/PI assay with the duration treatment of 24 h. Both compounds displayed strong cytotoxicity in K562 cells. At concentration of 4.2 µM for C1 and 1.6 µM for C2, both compounds were able to induce 49.70% and 46.83% apoptotic events, respectively. The changes in cells' morphological can also be seen 24 h after being exposed to the compounds at their respective IC50 doses. The findings demonstrated that the morphology of the cells was similar to apoptotic features, including cell shrinkage and the production of apoptotic bodies, meanwhile, the low levels of necrotic cells (<1%) also can be seen via cell lysis. In conclusion, both compounds possess the potential as antileukaemia drugs nevertheless, further studies on their action mechanism are required to ratify their qualities and suitability in the research of anticancer drugs development.
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