Of 4,268 wild ducks sampled in Canada in 2005, real-time reverse transcriptase–PCR detected influenza A matrix protein (M1) gene sequence in 37% and H5 gene sequence in 5%. Mallards accounted for 61% of samples, 73% of M1-positive ducks, and 90% of H5-positive ducks. Ducks hatched in 2005 accounted for 80% of the sample.
JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. . Wiley, Wildlife Society, Allen Press are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Journal of Wildlife Management. SR Ko(1+CV.? + CV,2 + CV,2. CV, ), where u was a standard normal deviate. We evaluated power using algorithms for numerical integration (Press et al. 1992). We considered R between 0.3 and 1.8, Ko between 0.5 and 1.5, and CVs for N and p of 0.10 and 0.25 (i.e., both 0.10, one 0.10 and the other 0.25, and both 0.25). Abstract: Studies have documented breeding waterfowl use of habitat in the Prairie Pothole Region; however, the difficulty in surveying forested areas has inhibited large scale studies of use of habitat in eastern Canada. We examined waterfowl use of 15 wetland habitats in 132,000 km2 of southern Ontario, Canada. We obtained data from plots that were surveyed by the Canadian Wildlife Service during 1981 and 1987.Open water lakes accounted for 47% of available habitat in the study area; however, they were avoided (P < 0.001) by blue-winged teal (Anas discors), mallards (A. platyrhynchos), and wood ducks (Aix sponsa). Beaver (Castor canadensis) ponds accounted for 25% of the wetland area and were preferred (P < 0.001) by wood ducks and were used by mallards, black ducks (A. rubripes), blue-winged teal, and ring-necked ducks (Aythya collaris). Other habitats composed 0-6% of available wetlands and accounted for 0-10% of waterfowl use on study plots in southern Ontario. The percentage of wetlands occupied by breeding waterfowl varied from 11% for bogs and seasonal basins to 50% for deciduous swamps. The more common breeding species in southern Ontario (mallard, wood duck, blue-winged teal) exploited many habitats. Management efforts should focus on emergent or wooded habitats, especially beaver ponds, that provide habitat for many breeding waterfowl.J. WILDL. MANAGE. 59(3):527-532
Age-specific studies pertaining to survival and productivity of American black ducks (Anas rubripes) are constrained by the fact that no technique has been developed to reliably determine age as second year or after second year from late winter to late spring. We developed a qualitative age-class scoring technique that can be readily used in the field. When tested on 5 independent observers, known-aged birds (n ¼ 106) were correctly classified with 94-98% accuracy. To reduce subjectivity and provide an objective corroboration of age estimates, we also developed multivariate models from measurements of wing feather variables (weight and length of greater secondary covert 9, and width of tertial covert 5) that determined age with !90% accuracy (n ¼ 255). There was !94% agreement between qualitative and quantitative age assignments of wild birds caught in spring (n ¼ 172). The application of these age determination techniques should be useful in a host of life-history studies conducted on wintering, spring staging, and nesting grounds. (WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN 34(5):
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