Although it has become almost axiomatic in much contemporary sociology that geographical mobility for husband's career reasons is disruptive of wives' labour market careers. there have been few systematical empirical inquiries into the issue. This study reports findings from a survey of in-migrants in Aberdeen in 1986. Considerations relating to male partner's occupational career were the main factor accounting for the in-migration of married women, but single women were more likely to come for educational or employment reasons. Levels of grievance among in-migrant partnered women about the consequences of this move for their employment were low but there was some evidence that women in-migrant for such reasons saw the move as less helpful careerwise than other in-migrant women. More, however, saw the move as helpful or making no difference, rather than being a hindrance. Many respondents were able to find what they regarded as suitable new employment and others saw themselves at the time of the move primarily as mothers or housewives. The research findings lend support for the view that migrant wives' roles are orientated primarily around their husband's occupational concerns but this need not be detrimental to their own labour market activity since their skills, aptitudes and resources facilitate their adaptation to the new situation.
Previous research into Japanese owned and managed enterprises in western countries has been alert to problems in cross-cultural communication but there has been little research into the linguistic patterns accompanying these activities. This study of seven such plants in Scotland illustrates key features of the linguistic patterns evident in them. Forms of pidgin develop in co-operative working environments but unusually they are based on the language of the formal subordinates, local English speaking managers and workers. In contrast, and more in line with expectations from socio-linguistic theory, the local dialect is used as a device to promote local workforce solidarity against expatriate management. The former discrepancy between material and cultural power, which is not expected on the basis of Bourdieu's and related theories of cultural behaviour, is explained in terms of the differing career paths of Japanese and non-Japanese personnel, the marginal involvement of Japanese management in the local society and their reticence in asserting cultural power commensurate with their economic power. However, these lingusitic developments were local phenomena that did not challenge Japanese managerial control, both local and corporate, of decisions on development and investment. Hence, the opposition between cultural and material power may be permitted to persist because of these limited effects.
Routledge, 1994, 268 pp.World Cup football made an auspicious debut in North America during the summer of 1994. From most perspectives it was a resounding success. Commercial interests profited while American audiences, historically indifferent to the sport, were sufficiently roused to follow theAmerican team until its eventual loss to Brazil (Wilson, 1994). The next few years will tell if interest will be sustained or simply slip back to pre-Cup levels.Most notable was the absence of violence from the competition. Concerned with football's reputation for fan disorders, the organizers went to extraordinary lengths to ensure that violence would not mar the event. Legions of riot-trained police and security personnel stood idle throughout the competition and as a result, organizers were credited with devising a successful strategy for crowd control, one likely to be the blueprint for security at future Cup sites. (Of course, a minimal security force might have produced the same result.)Unfortunately, the primary association of most people to the word "football" is violence and brings to mind images of young fans fighting in the stadium or rioting in the streets of the host community. If one legacy of the World Cup is an increased American interest in the sport, then this new audience stands to gain a richer appreciation of the complexities surrounding football violence with a reading of this book. University of Aberdeen sociologist Richard Giulianotti and his colleagues Norman Bonney and Mike Hepworth have edited a collection that offers an international overview by recognized experts who speculate on the root causes of fan violence.The authors of the ten chapters represent a diverse sample of countries where the passion for football runs high. This strong international theme is one of the strengths of the book. Nationals from Argentina, England, Italy, Scotland, andThe Netherlands have emphasized the cultural context and significance of football in their homelands in the course of describing recent patterns of fan violence. Each of these contributors felt obliged to draw comparisons exclusively with English football. However, not all roads lead to England. Additional cross-cultural comparisons would have provided readers with a more integrated overview of the topic.Although an interdisciplinary emphasis is touted, i.e., anthropology, psychology, and sociology, the fact is that the contributors consistently adopted a sociological approach in explaining social phenomena. While this is not a shortcoming, it does result in some observations passing without the benefit of explanations that would ordinarily be pro-0 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
F or about three decades British sociology has exhibited a major division between analyses of contemporary British society focused around the idea of social class and those that postulate that it has been superseded in significance by purportedly 'new' social divisions such as gender, 'race', lifestyle or nation. There are still those who argue that social class is the primary and fundamental principle of social organization but they often appear to be a small and diminishing band increasingly challenged and supplanted by those who emphasize the alternative perspectives.In 1996 Turner and Lee published an important collection that reviewed the debate and to which the reader is referred for major statements on the issues involved. A more recent examination of subsequent work on the interrelationships between these various principles of social division, and of the role of social class in contemporary society, suggests that in large part a relatively easy truce has descended whereby proponents of the different positions either simply assert, or attempt to justify philosophically, the primacy of their argument or make a ritual affirmation about the significance of rival principles. Theoretical investigations that rigorously explore the complexities of these interrelationships are rare -as are systematic empirical investigations of the issues that such a theoretical examination raises. Reid (1998) comprehensively documents the vast range of social class differences in Britain but allows the data, as it were, to speak for itself and pointedly refrains from engaging in extensive debate with those who challenge the class perspective. The volume on Social Divisions, a collection of contributions on eight major dimensions of the topic (Payne, 2000), allows experts to focus on their respective specialisms but even here attempts to look systematically at the relative significance and interrelationships of the varying dimensions of social inequality and difference are rare. The conclusion offers an assessment that attempts an integrated argument at a broad theoretical and abstract level which rejects the view that one dimension has overall causal primacy, and the extreme contrary view of post-modernist individualism, but it Debates and Controversiesat University of Sussex Library on August 17, 2015 wes.sagepub.com Downloaded from
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