Purpose The purpose of this study is to identify selected information from the prospectus that might signal the initial public offering (IPO) offer price. Design/methodology/approach This study uses cross-sectional data for a 14-year period from 2000 to 2014 in examining hypotheses relating to Shariah-compliant status, institutional investors, underwriter ranking and shareholder retention, with respect to their associations with the offer price of the IPOs. Further, this study uses ordinary least squares (OLS) for all models, including the models for both subsamples of Shariah- and non-Shariah-compliant IPOs. As for robustness, this study incorporates the quantile regression and quadratic model. Findings The results tend to provide support for the argument that firms with Shariah-compliant status reflect lower uncertainty and project better signalling of quality due to greater scrutiny by the government and thus are able to offer IPOs at higher prices. Similarly, firms with a higher proportion of shareholder retention indicate lower risks as insiders forego their options to diversify their portfolio, and hence could price their IPOs higher. Finally, the involvement of institutional investors and higher underwriter ranking could be used by firms to disregard information asymmetry, and therefore, the issuer might have to discount the IPO offer price. Research limitations/implications This study focuses solely on information in the prospectus that should not be disregarded by the investors in valuing the appropriateness of the IPO offer price. This study contributes in terms of providing a better understanding of the determinant factors of the IPO offer price of the firms which are Shariah-compliant. Originality/value This paper provides evidence for the determinants of the IPO offer price in a fixed pricing mechanism for both Shariah-and non-Shariah-compliant IPOs.
Default risk has been recognized as one of the key determinants of bond yield. Past studies argue that default risk can be reflected by issue characteristics, issuer characteristics and interest rate behaviors on riskless security. As default risk is believed to be higher in developing markets due to the issue of illiquidity, capital inadequacy and a developing lending system, more empirical works must be focused on these markets. The present study examines the association between selected determinants and corporate bond yield in Malaysian market. Instead of focusing on the aggregate market level as has widely been carried out in previous studies, the present study concentrates on the individual issue level. The results of cross-sectional multiple regression analyses based on 61 observations in 2012 indicate that bond maturity, coupon payment, trading frequency, issuer’s rating, debt to equity ratio and return on equity ratio are the significant determinants of bond yield.Keywords: Corporate Bond Yield; Malaysian Bond Market.
PurposeThis study investigated the effect of pricing mechanism and oversubscription on the heterogeneity of investors' opinions on initial public offering (IPO) valuation.Design/methodology/approachBesides the ordinary least square method, this study incorporated robust least square, stepwise least square and quantile regression methods to investigate the aftermarket behaviour of investors using the price range on the first day of trading of 82 IPOs listed on the Pakistan stock exchange.FindingsThe aftermarket behaviour of investors was found to be significantly influenced by the pricing mechanism, oversubscription, financial leverage, political stability and the risk of IPO, whereas control of corruption showed an insignificant impact. Concurrently, the findings showed that pricing mechanism and oversubscription played a crucial role in determining the intensity of investors' heterogeneous opinions at high levels of significance.Originality/valuePricing mechanism and oversubscription not only signal the quality of IPOs but also provide an important means for reducing the information asymmetry associated with new listings. Based on the literature review, it was found that both the pricing mechanism and oversubscription have yet to be explored in investigating the aftermarket behaviour of investors using the price range in the Pakistan IPO market. This study suggests that book building pricing mechanism and oversubscription are associated with lower heterogeneity in investors’ opinions at a high level of significance.
This study investigates the influence of "offer for sale" by existing shareholders on investors' reaction in the IPO immediate aftermarket. The "offer for sale" is measured by the proportion of shares offered to public from the sale of the existing shareholdings prior to IPO against the total number of shares offered during IPO. The "offer for sale" activity suggests that proceed from the shares sold at an IPO would go into the pocket of the existing shareholders. That is, the proceed does not actually meet the primary goals of the IPO to raise funds for business expansion. IPO firms that go public mainly through "offer for sale" activity are expected to receive less demand during IPO from potential investors as the investors are less optimistic in firms which their shares are offered mostly through "offer for sale" activity relative to firms which their shares are newly issued. Thus, firms which their shares are offered through "offer for sale" activity are predicted to produce poor initial aftermarket return and trading. Using a final sample of 419 Malaysian IPOs issued from January 2000 to December 2015, regression results of this study reveal that firms which their shares are offered highly through "offer for sale" report poor and lower initial aftermarket return and trading volume. The results support the proposition of this study that investors are less optimistic in firms which their shares are offered mostly through "offer for sale" activity. JEL Classifications: G12, G31
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