. 241-249 -The nucleoprotein (NP) antigen isolated from influenza A virus by solubilization with Triton X-100 (TX-100) and further electrophoresis with SDS-cellulose acetate membrane gave a single band on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Rabbit anti-serum hyperimmunized with the NP reacted only against the NP antigen.Moreover, a well-defined single precipitin line was shown between the NP and human sera. These results suggested that the NP was possible to detect anti-NP antibody in human serum. Immuno double diffusion (IDD) and single radial immunodiffusion (SRD) tests using the NP were established to detect the anti-NP antibody in human sera. During an epidemic caused by antigenic drift strain, anti-NP antibody was detected by the IDD test in the cases which did not show any significant rise in HAT titer.During a mixed epidemic caused by the different strain of HA antigen, the infection ratio in mass population was revealed more convenient and sensitive by SRD than HAI. The anti-NP antibody was detected by IDD for long periods of one year or more after infection.These results suggest that the detection of anti-NP antibody is applicable to serologic studies, particularly serologic diagnosis and serologic surveys of influenza infection in mass population. influenza A; anti-nucleoprotein antibody; immunoprecipitation test; sero-diagnosis
It was very surprising for most virologists that two different shift strains, H3N2 and H 1 N 1, caused the pandemic at the same time and in the same place among human beings during the last winter (1977-1978). Indeed, in most countries, A/USSR/90/77-like strains (H1N1) were isolated simultaneously with A/Texas/ 1 /77-like strains (H3N2) or A/Victoria/3/75-like strains (H3N2) or both (Center for Disease Control, 1978). In addition, Dr. Kendal and his coworkers were successful in isolation of three different influenza A viruses from a high school student in Wyoming, U.S.A. These isolates were characterized and identified as A/ Victoria/ 3 / 75-like strain, A/ USSR/ 90/ 77-like strain and the recombinant strain (H3N1) (Kendal, 1978). A similar result involving the Texas and USSR strains was obtained by us. We received a pharyngeal swab from a 14-year-old female complaining of common cold-like symptoms in mid-February, 1978. Viral isolation from this swab was done by inoculation into the amniotic cavities of 10-day-old chick embryos. After one passage in the allantoic cavities, the infected fluid (amnion 1, allantois 1) showed the presence of H i and N i antigens, the configuration of the A/USSR/90/77-like strain, by hemagglutination-inhibition (HAI) and neuraminidase-inhibition (NAI) tests according to the procedures recommended by Center for Disease Control (1975). However, after one more passage in the allantoic cavity, this strain (amnion 1, allantois 2) was shown to react to anti-A/Texas/ i /77 serum and the antiserum to this strain (amnion 1, allantois 2) also revealed anti-A/Texas/ 1 /77 reactivity. Accordingly, we attempted to clone the first allantoic passaged fluid (amnion 1, allantois 1) using the terminal
SUMMARY: Ortho-and paramyxoviruses were isolated at high frequencies from cloacal and tracheal samples of 334 domestic and 161 migrating ducks in Miyagi and Akita Prefectures, Japan, in the winter of 1976-77. Forty-four hemagglutinating agents were isolated from these ducks. The frequency of virus isolation was much higher from the cloacal samples (6.3%) than the tracheal samples (2.6%). However, no significant difference was found in the isolation ratio between the domestic (7.8%) and migrating (6.8%) ducks. Nine strains of the hemagglutinating agents were identified as influenza A viruses and confirmed to be in pure form by complementfixation (CF) tests and from their polypeptide profiles. The antigenic characterization of the influenza A viruses revealed the presence of several subtypes; Hav5Nav-2-3, Hav6Neg2, Hav6N2, Hav7Neg2 and Hav7N2.
Reduction of Australia antigen with dithiothreitol resulted in the loss of antigenicity and morphological integrity. Oxidation of the reduced Australia antigen reconstituted both of these characters.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.