A 25-year-old man with solar urticaria is described. The action spectrum ranged from 400 to 500 nm. An inhibition spectrum was found to be in the visible light range above 660 nm. Simultaneous or alternate exposure to ‘blue-violet light’ and ‘red light’ mostly inhibited weal formation. The urticarial reaction was not blocked by local injection of antihistamines and not prevented by histamine depletion with polymyxin B sulfate. These data suggest that histamine may not play a major role in weal production in this case.

A 74-year-old man had eczematous eruptions on sun-exposed areas.Photopatch tests were positive to chlorpromazine and promethazine, and the action spectrum for the photosensitivity was in the long-wave ultraviolet light (UV-A) range. It was concluded that the chronic photosensitive dermatitis was due to phenothiazines. phenothiazines; photopatch test; photosensitivityChlorpromazine and other phenothiazines, such as promethazine, perphenazine, thioridazine and levomepromazine, have been widely used as tranquilizers, antipyretics, analgesics and/or antihistamines, and it is known that some of them may produce not only allergic contact dermatitis but also phototoxic and photoallergic reactions (Fisher 1967;Horio 1975;Horio et al. 1975). In the present case, photosensitive dermatitis was suspected because the eruptions were limited to sunexposed areas and became aggravated in summer. Patch tests and photopatch tests with phenothiazines and halogenated salicylanilides that are typical photosensitizers were performed, and it was confirmed that phenothiazines caused the development of the eruptions. Whether these lesions resulted from a phototoxic or a photoallergic reaction of phenothiazine was also discussed. REPORT OF A CASEA 74-year old farmer had a 10-year history of recurrent pruritic eczematous eruptions on sun-exposed areas. The lesions first appeared on the forearms and hands, and then spread to the face, nape and V-shaped area of the neck. According to the patient, the skin conditions became worse in summer and better in winter.He had no known systemic illness. There was no family history of photosensitivity-related diseases. A physical examination revealed scaling and lichenified dermatitis on the scalp, face, V-shaped area of the neck, extensor aspect of the forearms and the dorsa of the hands (Fig. 1). There was fissuring and infiltration in many sites, particularly on the hand backs. From these findings, it was suspected that the case was photosensitive dermatotis.Blood cell counts, urinalysis, serum GOT and BUN were all within normal limits. Histologic examination of the eruption on the left forearm showed hyperkeratosis, irregular acanthosis and mild, perivascular mononuclear cell infiltration of the upper dermis (Fig. 2).Received for publication, February 6, 1982. 223

Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) is a porphyrogenic agent. The inducement of skin changes was attempted through repeated exposure of the skin of HCB-induced porphyric rats to sunlight. The following skin changes were produced in the porphyric rats; erythema, erosion, crust, skin thickening and scarring. Histopathological examination revealed the presence of acanthosis, vacuolization of the malpighian cells, subepidermal vesicle, fibrosis, dilatation and increase of the blood vessels and perivascular cell infiltration composed of lymphocytes, histiocytes and mast cells. The PAS stainability of blood vessel walls was slightly intensified. The assumption is that photosensitive flares were elicited within the short 2-month period though destruction of endothelial cells was not prominent. There were no distinct skin changes, clinically or histopathologically, in any of the three control groups.hexachlorobenzene; porphyric rat; skin changes Porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT), a very common type of porphyric, exhibits skin photosensitivity on exposed areas and is characterized by excess excretion of uroporphyrin in the urine. Ockner and Schmid (1961) reported that hexachlorobenzene (HCB) could induce experimental porphyric in rats which then excreted a high level of urinary uroporphyrin. Because the metabolic pattern in rats seems to resemble that in human PCT (Stonard 1974), we have used them as a model for PCT.In the present paper, we analyzed acute cutaneous changes after sun exposure of HCB-induced porphyric rats, both clinically and histopathologically. MATERIALS AND METHODSRats. Sprague-Dawley albino female rats initially weighing 150-200 g were used for this study.Induction of porphyric rat. Twenty rats were fed 0.25% (W/W) HCB-diet for two months and then normal diet for two months. Another 20 rats were kept on normal diet.Porphyrin analysis o f urine. Urinary porphyrins in individual excreta were determined by Rimington's method (Rimington 1971).Sunlight exposure. Rats were divided into four groups; (1) 10 normal rats kept in the dark, (2) 9 sun-exposed normal rats, (3) 6 porphyric rats kept in the dark, and (4) 8

An emission spectral analysis was carried out on ultraweak chemiluminescence emitted from UVB-irradiated linolenic acid and squalene. The main emission species produced by the transition of ('dg) ('dg) dimer and an additional weak band near 477.5 nm (0, 0) by the transition of ('dg) were found by spectroscopic analysis of chemiluminescence in both cases of irradiated linolenic acid and of squalene. A distinct peak around 410-420 nm was observed in irradiated squalene and the emitter seems to be due to the excited carbonyl compound, emission spectral analysis; chemiluminescence; linolenic acid; squalene Recently the ultraweak chemiluminescence (CL) at about 10-15 Watts or less became detectable with advanced photoelectronics (Shimizu et al. 1973), and it is now known that this phenomenon is chiefly attributable to the active oxygen developed. It has been shown that the oxidation of organic materials is accompanied by the emission of weak CL (Vassil'ev and Vichutinskii 1962) and the same phenomenon is also expected to occur in the oxidation process in living tissues including skin. Usuki et al. (1979) investigated the oxidative deterioration of oils and foods with this apparatus, and found that an increase of emission intensity was closely correlated to the oxidative deterioration of oils. Miyazawa and Kaneda (1981) who applied this technique to living tissues, successfully showed that CL intensities of rat tissues were increased characteristically by the feeding of autooxidized oils and the increase in CL was closely related to the peroxidation process of the tissue which was characterized as thiobarbituric acid reactive materials.The purpose of the present paper is (1) to measure ultraweak CL of UVBirradiated linolenic acid and squalene as unsaturated lipids which might be derived from skin, and (2) to clarify emitting species of CL by emission spectral analysis.

An emission spectral analysis was carried out on chemiluminescence emitted from UVB-irradiated Squalene, The main emission species produced by the transition of ('dg) ('dg) and ('dg) ('gi to (3g_) (3g_) were found by spectroscopic analysis of the chemiluminescence. When betacarotene was added to the irradiated squalene, its spectral pattern changed drastically and many peaks disappeared. ---squalene; chemiluminescence; beta-carotene The chemiluminescence (CL) analyzer has been developed originally for estimation of the value of autoxidized oil. Miyazawa and Kaneda (1980), who applied this technique to living tissues, successfully showed that the increase of CL in intensity was closely related to the peroxidation process of the tissue. We measured the intensity of CL in rat skin with UV-irradiation and it was concluded that the weak CL would be attributable to singlet oxygen (Torinuki and Miura 1981). The light-emitting species of UVB-irradiated squalene, lipid derived from sebum, were analyzed spectroscopically and the effect of betacarotene on CL was also examined.First of all, qualitative analysis of squalene (Eastman Kodak Co., USA) was carried out on a thin layer chromatography plate. Two drops of squalene were resolved with a small amount of n-hexane, and an aliquot of the squalene solution was spotted on a Merk silica gel 60 coated plate (gel layer 0.25 mm thick). The plate was developed in a tank containing 100 ml of n-hexane, and only one spot (Rf value 0.64) was detected on the plate with I2. After the spot portion was scraped and added to 30 times volume of methanol, the absorption spectrum of squalene extracted in methanol solution was determined with a Hitachi Model 124 spectrophotometer. Absorption peak was observed only at 215 nm.Emission spectral analysis of CL of UVB-irradiated squalene was performed as previously described (Nakano et al. 1975). Twenty millilitres of squalene in Petri dish was irradiated with a sunlamp tube (Toshiba FL-205E, peaking at 310 nm) at a distance of 4 cm with stirring at room temperature. Irradiation times was 168 hr and the energy output of this instrument was 1.0 mW/sq cm, with a target distance of 4 cm. After irradiation, the light emission of the sample was recorded with a CL detector (Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University). The result is shown in Fig. 1 (solid curve). The location of the emission peak at 478 nm (B), 520 nm (C), 588 nm (D) and 650 nm (E) are assigned to ('dg) (l~g+)-+(3~g-) (3Egi transition of 02 pairs (0, 0), ('dg) (idgY (3Eg-) (3~g-) transition of 02 pairs (2, 0), ('dg) (idg)-*(3>g-) (3~g-) transition of 02